Thermo-economic and primary-energy-factor assessment based on the field test of an air-to-water heat pump

Poredoš, Primož; Čož, Tjaša Duh; Kitanovski, Andrej; Poredoš, Alojz

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.02.003

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The primary energy factor (PEF) describes the efficiency of converting energy from primary sources [12]. PEF is defined as the ratio of primary energy to secondary energy for a specific energy vector.…”

Section: Primary Energy Use Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy assessment of hybrid heat pump systems as a retrofit measure in residential housing stock

et al. 2019

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Hybrid electric-gas heat pump systems are a possible retrofit option in older residential buildings. Older buildings can be challenging to retrofit and in this context hybrid systems can offer an intermediate route to decarbonisation of building heating energy demand. This is especially the case, where deep retrofit measures coupled with monovalent electric heat pump systems may not be feasible from an economic perspective. The aim of the current paper is to examine the suitability of a hybrid electric-gas heat pump system in comparison to electric heat pump systems as a retrofit measure for Irish housing stock and to benchmark both options against existing fossil fuel baseline systems. A detailed building energy model of a residential dwelling was developed and calibrated to within acceptable ASHRAE standards. An energy assessment was carried out which investigates each retrofit scenario. Key findings include: (i) both the all-electric and hybrid heat pump systems deliver primary energy savings compared to the fossil fuel baseline systems, (ii) hybrid systems attain higher primary energy savings compared to all-electric heat pump, where the hybrid system incorporates flexible delivery temperatures compared to a fixed delivery temperature tor the all-electric heat pump system.

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Section: Primary Energy Use Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy assessment of hybrid heat pump systems as a retrofit measure in residential housing stock

et al. 2019

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“…The prices for each individual EU country were found in the EUROSTAT database and include all taxes and levies. The TE calculation was based on the methodology that is thoroughly described in [25], but with the assumption that the additional annual electricity, cleaning and maintenance costs were not taken into consideration. The efficiency of the NG boiler was calculated according to the standard [26].…”

Section: Thermo-economic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of the primary energy factor (PEF) for the required additional heat generation between all three local heating units was based on the PEFs of the two heat sources: electricity and NG. The methodology for the PEF assessment used in this study is described in [25]. One of the main reasons why the PEF assessment is valuable is the inclusion of the primary energy required for extraction, transport, conversion, distribution, transmission and control losses of the particular heat/energy source [29].…”

Section: Assessment Of the Primary Energy Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermo-Economic and Emissions Analysis of Different Sanitary-Water Heating Units Embedded Within Fourth-Generation District-Heating Systems

Poredoš

Vidrih

Kitanovski

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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This paper presents the results of a thermo-economic (TE), primary-energy-factor and CO2-equivalent (CO2 (eq)), emissions-sensitivity analysis for the preparation of sanitary hot water (SHW) in fourth-generation district-heating systems. The annual required additional heat for the SHW provided by a local heating unit, based on an air-to-water heat pump (AWHP), a natural-gas boiler (NG boiler), and an electrical resistance heater (ERH), was determined using a trnsys simulation. Additionally, the seasonal performance factor (SPF) of the HP under consideration was determined. The study considered three possible supply temperatures, i.e., 35, 40, and 45 °C. The results show that a local heating unit based on an AWHP is most efficient in terms of the used primary energy (PE) and CO2 (eq) emissions. This unit is also the second best in terms of TE performance. The unit based on a NG boiler is much more appropriate than an ERH unit in terms of both the primary energy factor (PEF) and the CO2 (eq) emission factors for an electricity generation mix (EGM) that has values higher than the average for the EU-28. The heat generated by this NG unit is also cheaper than the heat produced by an ERH based on the average price for electricity in the EU-28.

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Combined vs separate heat and power production – Primary energy comparison in high renewable share contexts

et al. 2018

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Thermo-economic and primary-energy-factor assessment based on the field test of an air-to-water heat pump

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Energy assessment of hybrid heat pump systems as a retrofit measure in residential housing stock

Energy assessment of hybrid heat pump systems as a retrofit measure in residential housing stock

A Thermo-Economic and Emissions Analysis of Different Sanitary-Water Heating Units Embedded Within Fourth-Generation District-Heating Systems

Combined vs separate heat and power production – Primary energy comparison in high renewable share contexts

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