Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Bottoming Kalina Cycle for Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery

Abstract

The use of a Kalina cycle (KC) with a superheater to recover waste heat from an internal combustion engine (ICE) is described in this paper. The thermodynamic and economic analyses are performed for KC. The results indicate that using KC with a superheater is a feasible method to recover waste heat from ICE. The maximum thermal efficiency of KC is 46.94% at 100% ICE percentage load. The improvement of thermal efficiency is greater than 10% at all ICE loads, and the maximum improvement of thermal efficiency is 21.6% at 100% ICE load. Both the net power output and thermal efficiency of the KC subsystem increase with ICE percentage load and ammonia mass fraction. A lower turbine inlet pressure leads to a higher net power output of KC and a greater improvement of thermal efficiency when the ammonia mass fraction of the mixture is greater than 0.34. In the paper, if the same KC, which uses the largest capital investment, is used at different ICE loads, the payback period decreases with ICE load and ammonia mass fraction. In addition, both longer annual operation times and lower interest rates lead to shorter payback periods. However, it is worth noting that the payback period will be longer than the ICE's lifetime if the ICE load is low and the annual operation time is too short.Energies 2018, 11, 3044 2 of 19 recover more than 6 kW of mechanical power from long-haul trucks waste heat, but the system would be very heavy and large. Wang et al. [7] proposed a dual-loop ORC system with R1233zd and R1234fy as the working fluid and found that this system could get better performance for similar applications than other ORC systems. Scaccabarozzi et al. [8] showed that a supercritical ORC using the optimal mixture has better thermal performance for heat recovery from heavy duty ICEs. Liu et al. [9] found that both the exergy efficiency and thermal efficiency of the MC/ORC system decreases linearly with the reduction of engine load. Wang et al. [10] illustrated that Double loop ORC (DORC) can increase the efficiency of the combined system by 12% at 60-100% engine load.In addition to ORC, KC also shows good thermal performance for waste heat recovery due to its thermal match in heat exchangers during the heat transfer processes. Since Kalina [11] introduced KC using an ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid, many studies have been performed on KC. When KC was used as a bottoming cycle in combined cycle power plants, the thermal efficiency of KC was 30-60% higher than that of the Rankine cycle [12]; Fu et al. [13] found that compared to several other power cycles, using KC leads to an effectiveness enhancement of approximately 20% [13]. Hettiarachchi et al. [14] compared the performance of ORC and Kalina cycle system 11 (KCS11) for recovering low-temperature geothermal heat resources. They found that KCS11 has a better overall thermal performance at moderate pressures than that of ORC. Singh et al.[15] used a KC as the bottoming cycle to recover the waste heat from a coal-fired steam power plant. They found that there is a...

Investigation of Kalina Cycle for Power Generation from Heat Dissipation of Tarasht Power Plant

“…In the heat exchanger cost equation, 𝐴 ℎ𝑥 is the amount of heat transfer area, which is obtained by dividing the heat capacity of each exchanger by the heat transfer coefficient, which according to the reference [32] for the evaporator 1.1(𝑘𝑊 𝑚 2 𝐾 ⁄ ) , for recuperator 0.7(𝑘𝑊 𝑚 2 𝐾 ⁄ )and for condensers 0.5(𝑘𝑊 𝑚 2 𝐾 ⁄ ). 𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 and 𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠 are temperature correction coefficient and pressure correction coefficient, respectively, obtained from the reference [33] according to the characteristics of the heat exchanger.…”