Thermo-chemical energy assessment for production of energy-rich fuel additive compounds by using levulinic acid and immobilized lipase

Badgujar, Kirtikumar C.; Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.05.015

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, the present FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed presence of the amide functionality and subsequent immobilization of the lipase on the MCNT. 31 Similar type of amide bond functionality after 45 lipase immobilization was confirmed by Gupta et al, 16 and Pavlidis et al 31 . % Water content analysis study The catalytic and synthetic activity of lipases is well dependent on the degree of hydration which is controlled by trace 15 amount of tightly bound water.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysis Studysupporting

confidence: 56%

“…5-10 Immobilization of enzyme is the most 40 fundamental aspect to improve the sufficient activity and stability of enzymes, moreover immobilization build up a heterogeneous reaction system which can shield the sensitive enzymes from the surrounding reaction media and also overcome the economic reusability issue. 5-12 Furthermore, the use of immobilized 45 biocatalytic system has various green-chemistry advantages such as higher activity, recyclability, higher chemo-, regio-, enantioselectivity, mild reaction condition, sustainable E factor, easy handling, safe synthetic protocol and no environmental hazards/issues. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Till time immobilization of lipases are reported 50 on various types of carriers such as polymeric matrix, polymer beads, gels, sol-gels, fibres, meso-, micro-porous materials etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Acylated moieties are the essential components of the flora, fruity, grasses, essential oils and vegetations etc which having pleasant fruity smell and taste. 24 Moreover, these compounds are widely used in various pharmaceuticals, decorative cosmetics, balm, body 45 lotions, ointment, face cream, fragrance, flavours, shampoos, soaps, shower-shaving gels and other toiletries. 24 Most of these acetates are produced in metric of tons per year; furthermore these acetate esters are listed as granted-A substances by the Council of Europe for their safe use in food-stuffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugates as an efficient biocatalyst: characterization and activity–stability studies with potential biocatalytic applications

2015

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5In present study, we have synthesized lipase-nano-bio-conjugates via immobilization of various lipases on multiwall carbon nano-tube (MCNT), in order to construct an efficient and recyclable biocatalytic system. In screening study lipase Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) acted as an efficient biocatalyst (lipase-nano-bio-conjugates) which showed higher retention of lipase activity and protein loading. Consequently immobilization support:lipase (MCNT:PFL) composition was screened in which MCNT:PFL (2:1) was worked out as robust biocatalyst composition which showed higher activity retention and protein loading. This nano-bio-conjugate was then 10 characterized in details with physical and biochemical techniques using SEM, TEM, FTIR, Km, Vmax, catalytic efficiency and (%) water content analysis. This developed biocatalyst was further used for practical biocatalytic applications such as O-acylation reactions. Various reaction parameters were optimized in details like reactant molar ratio (2:3.5), solvent, MCNT:PFL biocatalyst amount (36 mg), temperature (50 o C) etc. The developed biocatalytic protocol was then extended to synthesize several (twenty-two) industrially important acylated moieties with an excellent yield, these products are well characterized by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR and GCMS analysis. Moreover in 15 present study, we have reviewed potential industrial applications of various synthesized compounds. Also, we have studied thermodynamic aspect which demonstrated more feasibility of use of immobilized MCNT:PFL lipase over free lipase. Interestingly, immobilized MCNT:PFL lipase showed 2.3 folds higher catalytic activity than free PFL. Besides this, biocatalyst was efficiently recycled upto five cycles. Thus the present protocol demonstrated, (i) synthesis of nano-bio-conjugates as a bio-catalyst, (ii) detail physical-biochemical characterization of nano-bio-conjugates, (iii) optimization of biocatalytic protocol (iv) practical biocatalytic 20 applications along with mechanistic study (v) thermodynamic feasibility study and (vi) recyclability study. 65 conjugates as compared to bulk solid materials. This is because of key properties such as higher surface area, low mass transfer resistance, effective enzyme loading, nano-scale dispersion and ease of surface functionalization/ modification. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Thus, discovery of nano-scale materials proved countless 70 applications and scope based on their extraordinary properties

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Section: Ft-ir Analysis Studysupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugates as an efficient biocatalyst: characterization and activity–stability studies with potential biocatalytic applications

2015

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“…In addition, Al-modified MCM-41 exhibited 90% yield of BL after a long reaction time of 8 h in the esterification of LA with n-butanol, and the calcination step was inevitable to keep its activity during each cycle [25]. As for immobilized lipase catalysts, despite them being active, solvent washing after each run led to difficulties in operation [29]. As we can see, comparing with those reported solid acids, sulfonated glucose-derived carbon possesses great advantages with respect to operation cost, catalytic activity and reusability.…”

Section: Merits Of the Present Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the literature on the synthesis of BL via the esterification of LA are sparse. Several types of solid acids such as supported montmorillonite [21], zeolites [22,23], metal-organic frameworks [24], Al-MCM-41 [25], ion-exchange resins [26,27], graphene oxide [28] and immobilized lipase [29] have been utilized in the esterification of LA with n-butanol. Surprisingly, the catalysis with amorphous carbon materials to produce BL has not been explored before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Production of N-Butyl Levulinate Fuel Additive from Levulinic Acid Using Amorphous Carbon Enriched with Oxygenated Groups

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to develop an effective carbonaceous solid acid for synthesizing green fuel additive through esterification of lignocellulose-derived levulinic acid (LA) and n-butanol. Two different sulfonated carbons were prepared from glucose-derived amorphous carbon (GC400) and commercial active carbon (AC400). They were contrastively studied by a series of characterizations (N 2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NH 3 temperature programmed desorption). The results indicated that GC400 possessed stronger acidity and higher -SO 3 H density than AC400, and the amorphous structure qualified GC400 for good swelling capacity in the reaction solution. Assessment experiments showed that GC400 displayed remarkably higher catalytic efficiency than AC400 and other typical solid acids (HZSM-5, Hβ, Amberlyst-15 and Nafion-212 resin). Up to 90.5% conversion of LA and 100% selectivity of n-butyl levulinate could be obtained on GC400 under the optimal reaction conditions. The sulfonated carbon retained 92% of its original catalytic activity even after five cycles.

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A comparative study on the performance of acid catalysts in the synthesis of levulinate ester using biomass‐derived levulinic acid: a review

Gautam

Barman

Ali

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Non‐renewable resources have adverse effects on the environment, which result in global warming. Research has been shifted toward sustainable resources and lignocellulosic biomass is the best example of this. Lignocellulosic biomass is inexpensive, abundantly available and a rich source of carbon, which makes society less dependant on the use of fossil fuels. It is necessary for society to stop using petroleum‐based technologies and start developing more biomass‐based technologies. Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into levulinic acid through various methods. Various value‐added chemicals are synthesized from levulinic acid, such as levulinate esters, acrylic acid, β‐acetyl acrylic acid, 1,4‐pentanediol, 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, γ‐valerolactone, etc. Among these, levulinate esters have received much attention owing to their broad applications as fuel additives, plasticizers and solvents in the pharmaceutical industries. Levulinate esters can be synthesized from the esterification reaction of levulinic acid and alcohol in the presence of either liquid or solid acid catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts are favoured above homogeneous catalysts because of their properties, like being easy to separate, having good catalytic activity, being non‐corrosive to the reactor and having good recyclability. The performance of various heterogeneous catalysts such as zirconia, heteropolyacids, zeolite, carbonaceous material, resins and biocatalysts is reported in detail in the review. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Thermo-chemical energy assessment for production of energy-rich fuel additive compounds by using levulinic acid and immobilized lipase

Cited by 69 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugates as an efficient biocatalyst: characterization and activity–stability studies with potential biocatalytic applications

Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugates as an efficient biocatalyst: characterization and activity–stability studies with potential biocatalytic applications

Efficient Production of N-Butyl Levulinate Fuel Additive from Levulinic Acid Using Amorphous Carbon Enriched with Oxygenated Groups

A comparative study on the performance of acid catalysts in the synthesis of levulinate ester using biomass‐derived levulinic acid: a review

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