Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis liquid

Rahman, Hafizur; Bhoi, Prakash; Saha, Arpita; Patil, Vivek; Adhikari, Sushil

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120231

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nowadays, bio-lubricants are made from materials found naturally in the world, such as biomass [18]. These materials include soybeans, sunflowers, coconuts, plants, to name a few [37].…”

Section: Water-based Lubricants With Bio-derived Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances

et al. 2021

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Water-based lubricants (WBLs) have been at the forefront of recent research, due to the abundant availability of water at a low cost. However, in metallic tribo-systems, WBLs often exhibit poor performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Research and development indicate that nano-additives improve the lubrication performance of water. Some of these additives could be categorized as solid nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and bio-based oils. These additives improve the tribological properties and help to reduce friction, wear, and corrosion. This review explored different water-based lubricant additives and summarized their properties and performances. Viscosity, density, wettability, and solubility are discussed to determine the viability of using water-based nano-lubricants compared to petroleum-based lubricants for reducing friction and wear in machining. Water-based liquid lubricants also have environmental benefits over petroleum-based lubricants. Further research is needed to understand and optimize water-based lubrication for tribological systems completely.

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“…Nowadays, bio-lubricants are made from materials found naturally in the world, such as biomass [18]. These materials include soybeans, sunflowers, coconuts, plants, to name a few [37].…”

Section: Water-based Lubricants With Bio-derived Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, recent research shows that petroleum-based oils could be replaced by bio-based oils in many instances [18,19]. Moreover, bio-derived oils have demonstrated superior performance as additives to WBLs [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances

et al. 2021

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“…The FTIR data provided information on the presence of certain chemical bonds present in the canola oil. The data from the FTIR test were analyzed using the five-zone analysis method [40] and summarized in Table 5. The FTIR spectra of the pure canola oil and its formulated nano lubricants are shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Study of Solid Lubricant Nano-Additives Incorporated in canola oil for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

2021

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In recent years, with the development of eco-friendly lubricants, different vegetable oils have been studied and found to improve the overall tribological performance compared to petroleum-based oils. Being one of the commonly used vegetable oils, canola oil has become popular due to its non-toxicity and low cost. However, this bio-lubricant lacks tribological performance compared to petroleum-based oils. To improve its performance, sustainable solid additives such as graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently gained the researcher’s attention. While incorporating nanomaterials in the oil as additives is a promising way to improve base oil’s performance, the excessive use of nanoparticles can introduce undesirable effects. This study investigated canola oil’s tribological performances with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% GNP and 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.% hBN nanoparticles. The dynamic viscosities of these seven settings showed higher viscosity for GNP-incorporated oils compared to that with hBN. The boundary lubrication regime was targeted for the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear analyses during each pin on the disk test. It was observed that for the GNP, 1.5 wt.% provided the minimum COF (52% less than base oil), whereas, for the hBN, 1.0 wt.% provided the lowest (40% less than base oil) values. Based on these insights, three nano lubricant mixtures were formulated by incorporating both GNP and hBN settings in different ratios. These mixtures provided an optimum positive synergy by reducing 56% friction and 90% wear compared to the base oil. These percentage values were significantly more compared to both GNP and hBN based lubricants in their individual settings. These improvements in the mixture were due to a composite film formed which protected the interacting surfaces and also due to the polishing mechanisms. Therefore, incorporating both these nanoparticles in canola oil could reduce friction and wear and thus help in better energy conservation.

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“…Since DAE is a type of polymer, it has the same weaknesses as traditional polymers that are not resistant to sharp cuts, high pressure, and UV (ultraviolet) light and heat [150]. Also, biocompatibility and biodegradability could be important aspects to be addressed for sustainable waste management of EAP devices [153,154]. Biocompatibility and biodegradability could be an issue, which needs to be addressed for sustainable waste management of EAP devices [154,155].…”

Section: (C) Notable Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, biocompatibility and biodegradability could be important aspects to be addressed for sustainable waste management of EAP devices [153,154]. Biocompatibility and biodegradability could be an issue, which needs to be addressed for sustainable waste management of EAP devices [154,155]. Moreover, the reduction of friction and wear to enhance life endurance demands detailed tribological studies.…”

Section: (C) Notable Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are an advanced family of polymers that change their shape through electric stimulation and have been a point of interest since their inception. This unique functionality has helped EAPs to contribute to versatile fields, such as electrical, biomedical, and robotics, to name a few. Ionic EAPs have a significant advantage over electronic EAPs. For example, Ionic EAPs require a lower voltage to activate than electronic EAPs. On the other hand, electronic EAPs could generate a relatively larger actuation force. Therefore, efforts have been focused on improving both kinds to achieve superior properties. In this review, the synthesis routes of different EAP-based actuators and their properties are discussed. Moreover, their mechanical interactions have been investigated from a tribological perspective as all these EAPs undergo surface interactions. Such interactions could reduce their useful life and need significant research attention for enhancing their life. Recent advancements and numerous applications of EAPs in various sectors are also discussed in this review.

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Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis liquid

Cited by 61 publications

References 42 publications

Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances

Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances

Synergistic Study of Solid Lubricant Nano-Additives Incorporated in canola oil for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

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