Thermo-Analytical and Compatibility Study with Mechanistic Explanation of Degradation Kinetics of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Tablets under Non-Isothermal Conditions

Abstract

Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), used as a broncho secretolytic and an expectorant drug, is a semi-synthetic derivative of vasicine obtained from the Indian shrub Adhatoda vasica. It is a metabolic product of bromhexine. The paper provides comprehensive and detailed research on ambroxol hydrochloride, gives information on thermal stability, the mechanism of AMB degradation, and data of practical interest for optimization of formulation that contains AMB as an active compound. Investigation on pure AMB and in commercial formulation Flavamed® tablet (FT), which contains AMB as an active compound, was performed systematically using thermal and spectroscopic methods, along with a sophisticated and practical statistical approach. AMB proved to be a heat-stable and humidity-sensitive drug. For its successful formulation, special attention should be addressed to excipients since it was found that polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Mg stearate affect the thermal stability of AMB. At the same time, lactose monohydrate contributes to faster degradation of AMB and change in decomposition mechanism. It was found that the n-th order kinetic model mechanistically best describes the decomposition process of pure AMB and in Flavamed® tablets.