Thermally stimulated currents observed in pharmaceutical products

Mechanisms of protein stabilization in the solid state

“…Recently there is strong interest in an alternate thermal analysis technique called thermally stimulated current (TSC). [93][94][95] Since obtaining T g using TSC does not depend on DC p of the glass because it responds to the mobility of dipoles and other permanent or induced electric charges in a glass matrix, this technique has an advantage, which is potentially very useful in detecting the T g of pure proteins. 94 In addition, T g , DT g , and DC p for ''pure'' human growth hormone (hGH) were evaluated by extrapolating the thermal analysis data in protein: disaccharide mixtures, and it was found that DT g is indeed large and DC p is indeed small for the protein.…”

Discovering and Developing Molecules with Optimal Drug-Like Properties

“…This approach enables access to distributions of relaxations which occur only over a small temperature range and the resulting data can be used to understand the activation energy associated with specific relaxation processes (Shmeis et al 2004a, b). TSC has proven to be useful in detecting small amounts of amorphous material within a largely crystalline matrix (Galop and Collins 2001) and has also been used as a tool to detect amorphousamorphous phase separation (Shmeis et al 2004a, b). For instance, Schmeis et al prepared solid dispersions of a model compound and PVP.…”

Low-Temperature Mobility of Water in Sugar Glasses: Insights from Thermally Stimulated Current Study

“…In addition, we probed whether similar behavior can be expected in other polyhydroxy compounds by using sorbitol, a sugar alcohol. TSC is a thermal analytical technique that has been used to study dipole relaxation in different types of materials, including synthetic polymers, small molecular-weight glass-formers, and proteins (Teyssedre et al 1995;Fagegaltier et al 1997;Correia et al 2000;Galop and Collins 2001;Shmeis et al 2004;Reddy et al 2009). In addition, TSC has been used to study low-temperature molecular mobility in aqueous sugar solutions and hexagonal ice (Johari and Jones 1975;Apekis et al 1983).…”