Thermally protecting cod ends for the recovery of living deep-sea animals

Childress, James J.; Barnes, Anthony T.; Quetin, Langdon B.; Robison, Bruce H.

doi:10.1016/0146-6291(78)90568-4

Cited by 113 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…WOCE alkalinity data from 200 m was relatively consistent at nearby latitudes between 1994 (2298 ± 9.2) and 2008 (2300.5 ± 4.5), suggesting that these values are reasonable estimates of OMZ alkalinity. We retrieved animals from a 61 cm-diameter 335 µm-mesh bongo net trawl, a 10 m 2 Tucker trawl with a thermally protected cod end (Childress et al, 1978), or using SCUBA down to ∼30 m (Haddock and Heine, 2005). Individuals of each species were collected using all three methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

2012

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Abstract. Shelled pteropods (Thecosomata) are a group of holoplanktonic mollusks that are believed to be especially sensitive to ocean acidification because their aragonitic shells are highly soluble. Despite this concern, there is very little known about the physiological response of these animals to conditions of elevated carbon dioxide. This study examines the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of five pteropod species, collected from tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean, to elevated levels of carbon dioxide (0.10 %, 1000 ppm). Our results show that pteropods that naturally migrate into oxygen minimum zones, such as Hyalocylis striata, Clio pyramidata, Cavolinia longirostris and Creseis virgula, were not affected by carbon dioxide at the levels and duration tested. Diacria quadridentata, which does not migrate, responds to high carbon dioxide conditions with reduced oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. This indicates that the natural chemical environment of individual species may influence their resilience to ocean acidification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

2012

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“…The state of our knowledge remains technology and resource limited, but steady advances (Childress et al 1978;Childress 1985;Robison 2000;Koyama et al 2002;Drazen et al 2005) have allowed the live capture, surface maintenance and measurement of a surprisingly large number of deep-sea animals. A necessarily smaller number of oxygen consumption measurements have been made in situ on the deep-sea floor but techniques for these types of investigations have also seen many advances in recent years (Smith 1978;Smith & Baldwin 1997;Priede & Bagley 2000;Bailey et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Seibel

Drazen

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

276

213

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The rates of metabolism in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere. The origins of this variation are a matter of active debate with some scientists highlighting the importance of anatomical or environmental constraints, while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands. Here, we analyse metabolic rates in diverse marine taxa, with special emphasis on patterns of metabolic rate across a depth gradient, in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. The conclusion from this analysis is that low rates of metabolism, in the deep sea and elsewhere, do not result from resource (e.g. food or oxygen) limitation or from temperature or pressure constraint. While metabolic rates do decline strongly with depth in several important animal groups, for others metabolism in abyssal species proceeds as fast as in ecologically similar shallow-water species at equivalent temperatures. Rather, high metabolic demand follows strong selection for locomotory capacity among visual predators inhabiting well-lit oceanic waters. Relaxation of this selection where visual predation is limited provides an opportunity for reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale metabolic variation in the ocean results from interspecific differences in ecological energy demand.Keywords: metabolism; deep sea; scaling; oxygen consumption; locomotion; marine INTRODUCTIONThe rates of metabolic processes in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere (e.g. Bennett 1991; Seibel 2007). The origins and scope of this variation are a matter of active debate. Some emphasize geometric and environmental constraints or resource limitation as its source (e.g. Gillooly et al. 2001;Brown et al. 2004), while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands (Childress 1995;Suarez 1996;Reinhold 1999;Clarke 2004;Seibel 2007) as a primary driver of metabolic variation. With this in mind, the present paper addresses three seemingly simple questions: (i) what is the extent of variation in the rate of metabolism across diverse taxa and environments, (ii) what environmental and ecological demands act on organisms to drive selection for high metabolic capacity, and (iii) under what environmental circumstances might such selection be relaxed or capacity be constrained?These questions have been pursued vigorously for decades but the clarity of the debate has been diminished by the subtlety of differences in capacity between the taxa most thoroughly studied, that often

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“…submersibles, remotely operated vehicles [ROVs]), on the other hand, rely on bright white (full visible spectrum) lights, which may cause irreversible retinal damage to the animal of interest , Herring et al 1999. Sampling devices such as traps, which block out light while maintaining constant pressure and temperature, have proven valuable (Childress et al 1978, Phleger et al 1979, Wilson & Smith 1985, but typically involve small sample sizes and small specimens/species. As a result, arguments have been made for the value of in situ video and still imagery capture via vehicle-free or 'lander' systems (Phleger & Soutar 1971, Priede & Merrett 1996, Priede et al 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral responses of two deep-sea fish species to red, far-red, and white light

Raymond¹,

Widder²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The relatively unobtrusive deep-sea camera system Eye-in-the-Sea (EITS) was deployed in Monterey Bay Canyon, California, USA, to assess the relative photosensitivity of 2 deepsea fishes, Coryphaenoides acrolepis and Anoplopoma fimbria. Previous studies addressing the in situ response of deep-sea fishes to red and white light were done in the presence of ROV-induced stimuli. Here, we report on the behavioral response of C. acrolepis and A. fimbria in a vehicle-free environment when subjected to white (full visible spectrum), red (685 nm), and far-red (695 nm) illumination in situ. Under far-red light conditions, A. fimbria spent significantly more time in the fieldof-view and demonstrated an increase in entrances/exits when compared to the situation under red-light and white-light conditions. No significant difference in the average time C. acrolepis spent in the field-of-view was found between any of the test wavelengths; however, the entrances-to-exits ratio for C. acrolepis decreased during white-light conditions. While A. fimbria often displayed a flight response at the onset of white and sometimes red (685 nm) illumination, C. acrolepis did not demonstrate a similar behavioral response when exposed to light within its range of visual sensitivity. A. fimbria undergo a dramatic ontogenic shift in depth, inhabiting well-lit, near-shore waters as juveniles and moving into deeper waters as adults. It is thought that C. acrolepis spend part of their early life history in the light-limited mesopelagic, below the permanent thermocline, and move into deeper waters as they mature. Based on the results of the present study, we hypothesize that systematic differences in the phototactic responses of deep-sea fishes are a function of life history as well as spectral sensitivity. KEY WORDS: Deep sea · Red light · Fish behaviorResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESS

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Thermally protecting cod ends for the recovery of living deep-sea animals

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Behavioral responses of two deep-sea fish species to red, far-red, and white light

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Thermally protecting cod ends for the recovery of living deep-sea animals

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Behavioral responses of two deep-sea fish species to red, far-red, and white light

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The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones

The metabolic response of pteropods to acidification reflects natural CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure in oxygen minimum zones