“…Unfortunately, these alloys exhibit often a fail after long-term use in the human body due to an incomplete osseo-integration [9] and ions release. Therefore, to overcome these problems, the modification of the smooth surface of Ti-alloys have received considerable attention in order to improve the biocompatibility of titanium and to enhance the bone growth, this modification was carried out by various coating methods such as: thermal oxidation [10,11], electrochemical anodization [12][13][14][15], hydroxyapatite coating [16][17][18] and alkaline treatment with NaOH [19,20], etc.…”