Thermally induced structural changes in Nomex fibres

Jain, Anjana; Vijayan, Kalyani

doi:10.1007/bf02704129

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast to this, only the broad halo was observed and PMHIA spheres were completely amorphous. Although poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalate) was also a crystalline polymer, 23,24 the PMHIA spheres lost the crystallinity owing to all meta-structure and the higher Es values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide prepared by reaction‐induced phase separation

Fujitsu

Nakayama²,

Uchida

et al. 2012

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide are obtained by the reaction-induced phase separation during polymerization of 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 1,4-phenylene diamine in an aromatic solvent at a concentration of 1-2% at 320 C without stirring. The hollow sphere has a dimple hole and the diameters of the hollow spheres are 3-4 lm. The droplets are initially generated via liquid-liquid phase separation and then rigid crosslinked network structure formed the rigid skin layer on the surface of the droplets. The solidification of the droplets occurred owing to the further polymerization in them with maintaining the morphology to form the hollow spheres. The hollow spheres exhibit outstanding thermal stability. 14 Although the rigid polyimides exhibit poor tractability, hollow spheres can be prepared using the soluble precursor poly(amic acid)s. However, many of other aromatic polymers show neither fusibility nor solubility owing to their rigidity and it is too difficult to control the morphology precisely.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide prepared by reaction‐induced phase separation

Fujitsu

Nakayama²,

Uchida

et al. 2012

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…Jain and Vijayan [16] showed that the number and depth of the microgrooves on the fibres of meta-aramid specimens were a function of both temperature and duration of thermal exposure. Results indicated that the severity of thermal deterioration on a specimen surface that was exposed to 300°C for 400 h was higher than that of a surface exposed to 400°C for 2.25 h.…”

Section: Exposures To High Temperatures and Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jain and Vijayan [16] investigated the effect of thermal ageing on the properties of meta-aramid fibres using the X-ray diffraction method. They exposed meta-aramid specimens to temperatures of 200, 300, 350 and 400°C for durations between 0.5 and 2000 h. Before the test and at different stages of the thermal exposure, the specimens were examined to consider changes in crystallinity, surface damage, and mechanical strength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review

Rezazadeh

Torvi

2010

Fire Technol

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There has been some research into the level of damage and changes to important properties of firefighters' protective clothing after exposure to conditions such as elevated temperature and ultra violet radiation. However, at this time, the results are not comprehensive enough to develop a standard procedure to estimate the remaining useful life of firefighters' protective clothing. There is also a need to develop non-destructive techniques to evaluate clothing, for most tests used to evaluate properties of clothing are destructive, and visual cues cannot completely assess the level of deterioration of the properties of thermal protective fabrics. In this paper, major factors that affect the continuing performance of firefighters' protective clothing and their effects on the service life of the clothing are reviewed. Some nondestructive methods which have been employed in different studies to evaluate the degradation of physical properties of firefighters' protective clothing are also described, along with statistical and probabilistic methods for estimating the useful life of materials. Suggestions for future research, which will assist fire departments in determining the level of damage to clothing, and estimating its remaining useful life are also discussed.

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“…When the fi bers are used in high temperature environments, they are subject to shrinkage or degradation. Thermally induced structural changes in Nomex ® fi bers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, and weight change; reductions in X-ray crystallinity, weight, tensile strength, and strength at break were observed (Jain and Vijayan, 2002). The heat induced fi ber and fabric shrinkage of Nomex ® is a signifi cant problem in its use for protective clothing.…”

Section: Aramidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame resistant textiles for structural and proximity fire fighting

Song

2013

Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

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Thermally induced structural changes in Nomex fibres

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide prepared by reaction‐induced phase separation

Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide prepared by reaction‐induced phase separation

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review

Flame resistant textiles for structural and proximity fire fighting

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