Thermally Induced Denaturing Energetics of Human Blood Plasma Albumin by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as an Indicator for Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Female Patients

Early detection of lung cancer (LC) significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment and improves LC survival rates. Currently, screening (mainly low-dose CT scans) is recommended for individuals at high risk. However, the recent increase in the number of LC cases unrelated to the well-known risk factors, and the high false-positive rate of low-dose CT, indicate a need to develop new, non-invasive methods for LC detection. Therefore, we evaluated the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for LC patients’ diagnosis and predicted survival. Additionally, by applying mass spectrometry, we investigated whether changes in O- and N-glycosylation of plasma proteins could be an underlying mechanism responsible for observed differences in DSC curves of LC and control subjects. Our results indicate selected DSC curve features could be useful for differentiation of LC patients from controls with some capable of distinction between subtypes and stages of LC. DSC curve features also correlate with LC patients’ overall/progression free survival. Moreover, the development of classification models combining patients’ DSC curves with selected plasma protein glycosylation levels that changed in the presence of LC could improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of LC. With further optimization and development of the classification method, DSC could provide an accurate, non-invasive, radiation-free strategy for LC screening and diagnosis.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Differential Scanning Calorimetry Curves of Blood Plasma for Diagnosis, Subtype Differentiation and Predicted Survival in Lung Cancer

Schneider

Kaliappan

Nguyen

et al. 2021

“…The position and amplitude of the resolved transitions as well as the weighted average center (T FM ) of plasma/sera thermograms were shown to be rather constant for serum derived from healthy individuals [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. These thermodynamic parameters were shown to change significantly for a number of diseases [ 1 , 4 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and especially for various types of cancer—breast [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], pancreatic [ 24 ], cervical [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], lung [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], brain [ 6 , 31 , 33 ], colorectal [ 18 ], gastric adenocarcinoma [ 34 ], melanoma [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], multiple myeloma (MM) [ 5 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia [ 44 ]—and can therefore be used to stratify DSC data into different disease-related groups.…”

Section: Application Of Differential Scanning Calorimetry For Plasma/...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorimetric Markers for Detection and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma

Krumova

Todinova

Taneva

2022

This review summarizes data obtained thus far on the application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the analysis of blood sera from patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) with the secretion of the most common isotypes of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins), free light chains (FLC) and non-secretory MM, as well as Waldenström macroglobulinemia and the premalignant state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The heterogeneous nature of MM is reflected in the thermal stability profiles of the blood serum proteome of MM patients found to depend on both the level and the isotype of the secreted M-proteins or FLC. Common calorimetric markers feature the vast majority of the different myeloma types, i.e., stabilization of the major serum proteins and decrease in the albumin/globulin heat capacity ratio. A unique calorimetric fingerprint of FLC molecules forming amorphous aggregates is the low-temperature transition centered at 57 °C for a calorimetric set of FLC MM and at 46–47 °C for a single FLC MM case for which larger aggregates were formed. The calorimetric assay proved particularly advantageous for non-secretory MM and is thus a suitable tool for monitoring such patients during treatment courses. Thus, DSC provides a promising blood-based approach as a complementary tool for MM detection and monitoring.

“…In 2019, Faroongsarng and colleagues described how tumor invasion through unusual metabolism results in significant changes of albumin stability. In their study, blood was taken from patients afflicted with various stages of breast cancers and suggested that the heat transitions of albumin increased with the maturation of breast cancer, which can be related to the increasing amount of albumin binding peptides [ 85 ]. Furthermore, the determination of activation energy can be a good indicator for further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Sensitivity of Blood Plasma Components in Patients Afflicted with Skin, Breast and Pancreatic Forms of Cancer

Ferencz

Szatmári²,

Lőrinczy³

2022

According to the World Health Organization’s 2018 Global Cancer Survey, cancer is the second leading cause of death. From this survey, the third most common is breast cancer, the fifth is melanoma malignum and pancreatic adenocarcinoma ranks twentieth. Undoubtedly, the early diagnosis and monitoring of these tumors and related research is important for aspects of patient care. The aim of our present review was to explain an impressive methodology that is deemed suitable in reference to studying blood sample deviations in the case of solid tumors. Essentially, we compared the heat denaturation responses of blood plasma components through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the control, between five and seven separable components can be detected, in which the primary component was albumin, while in the case of tumorous patients, the peaks of immunoglobulins were dominant. Moreover, the shape of the plasma DSC curves changed with a shift in the higher temperature ranges; thus, their pattern can be used as a suitable marker of direct immunological responses. The further development of the analysis of DSC curves raises the possibility of the early diagnosis of a potential tumor, the monitoring of diseases, or testing the efficacy of the therapy from a single drop of blood.