Thermally flexible epoxy/cellulose blends mediated by an ionic liquid

Hameed, Nishar; Bavishi, J.; Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar; Salim, Nisa V.; Joseph, Jithin; Madras, Giridhar

doi:10.1039/c5ra05900c

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In another first, we demonstrated the use of the same ionic liquid as solvent for two non-compatible polymers, epoxy resin and cellulose. 81 It is known that due to the preferential intra-molecular bonds within epoxy and within cellulose molecules, neither polymer will mix together. The ionic liquid disrupts these intramolecular bonds and facilitates intermolecular bonding between these otherwise incompatible polymers resulting to dissolution.…”

Section: Flexible and Formable Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

2019

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Epoxy resin will continue to be in the forefront of many thermoset applications due to its versatile properties. However, with advancement in manufacturing, changing societal outlook for the chemical industries and emerging technologies that disrupt conventional approaches to thermoset fabrication, there is a need for a multifunctional epoxy resin that is able to adapt to newer and robust requirements. Epoxy resins that behave both like a thermoplastic and a thermoset resin with better properties are now the norm in research and development. In this paper, we viewed multifunctionality in epoxy resins in terms of other desirable properties such as its toughness and flexibility, rapid curing potential, self-healing ability, reprocessability and recyclability, high temperature stability and conductivity, which other authors failed to recognize. These aspects, when considered in the synthesis and formulation of epoxy resins will be a radical advance for thermosetting polymers, with a lot of applications. Therefore, we present an overview of the recent finding as to pave the way for varied approaches towards multifunctional epoxy resins.

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Section: Flexible and Formable Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

2019

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“…Hameed et al [ 105 ] presented a method to produce a blend of DGEBA and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), previously dissolved in C 4 MImCl . 4,4′‐Methylenedianiline was used as hardener and the IL amount was kept at 40 wt% in relation to DGEBA.…”

Section: Type Of Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible ionic liquid interactions with cellulose (A) and chitin (B) chains. Adapted from References [24,105]…”

Section: Type Of Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid‐functionalized reinforcements in epoxy‐based composites: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Several high‐performance reinforcements may be used in epoxy‐based composites. These commonly undergo chemical and/or physical treatments to enhance their interfacial interactions with polymer matrices. One recent technology comprises the use of ionic liquids (IL) as compatibilizers. This strategy may result in the development of composite materials with greater performance or multifunctional characteristics. Herein, an overview in the area of IL‐modified reinforcements and their effect on epoxy‐based composites is presented. The PRISMA protocol was followed for the review, and the focus of these studies was on the modification of carbon nanotubes, followed by graphene/graphite nanoplatelets and bio‐fillers. The most used IL were those based on imidazolium cation, especially 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride. In most cases, when IL are used, the reinforcement displays stronger interactions with the epoxy matrix, depending the treatment route employed. Improved interfacial interactions are cited as the main reason for the improvement in the composite mechanical and thermal performances. It was also found that strategies for using low IL content, or routes that enable recovery of the salts after fiber/particle treatment, are still required, as well as the study of the influence of different amounts/types of IL on the structure of fillers and their relationships with the composite properties.

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“…We have very recently shown the good tribological performance and the self-healing behaviour of epoxy resin modified by the addition of high percentages (up to 12 wt%) of an aprotic ionic liquid [39], or by addition of low concentrations of graphene or graphene modified by ionic liquid [36,38]. Higher percentages of added aprotic ionic liquid have been shown to transform the brittle epoxy resin into a ductile material [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) [11,12] contain bulk organic cations and organic or inorganic anions and show a unique combination of properties such as their low volatility, non-flammability, and their high thermal stability which are most relevant for tribological applications. ILs have shown excellent tribological performance, not only in lubrication of metal alloys and ceramic materials under severe sliding conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], but also in the very difficult task of achieving the reduction of friction coefficients and wear rates of thermoplastic polymers and epoxy resins, where they have been used both as external lubricants and as additives [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Ionic liquids are also making an increasing impact in the field of polymer science, in particular on the development of new epoxy networks and composite materials by acting as curing agents, plasticizers, and as dispersants of nanophases in the epoxy matrix [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-lubricating, wear resistant protic ionic liquid-epoxy resin

Avilés¹,

Saurín²,

Espinosa³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A new self-lubricating, wear resistant epoxy resin material (ER+DCi) has been obtained by addition of a 9 wt% of the room-temperature protic ionic liquid (PIL) tri-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium)] citrate (DCi) to the mixture of the prepolymer and the hardener composed of a mixture of amines. The highly polar tricationic protic ammonium carboxylate ionic liquid shows a high contact angle on the resin surface and distributes inside the epoxy matrix as spheres of around 50 μm in diameter, with a mean density of approximately 38 mm 2 . The presence of the ionic liquid fluid phase inside the cavities has been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fracture surfaces and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-microscopy. The DCi phase reduces the residual curing enthalpy and the glass transition temperature, as determined by DSC, without significantly changing microhardness or electrical resistivity values. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that DCi reduces storage modulus, loss modulus and tan δ values. The tribological performance of the new material has been compared with that of the neat epoxy resin under pin-on-disc sliding conditions. ER+DCi shows more than 50% reduction of the friction coefficient with respect to neat epoxy resin, and a polished surface, in contrast with the severe wear that takes place in the case of neat epoxy resin. A self-lubrication mechanism by release of the ionic liquid lubricant under load is proposed.

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Thermally flexible epoxy/cellulose blends mediated by an ionic liquid

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

Ionic liquid‐functionalized reinforcements in epoxy‐based composites: A systematic review

Self-lubricating, wear resistant protic ionic liquid-epoxy resin

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