Thermalization of electrons in gases

Shizgal, Bernie D.; McMahon, D. R. A.; Viehland, Larry A.

doi:10.1016/1359-0197(89)90007-6

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…In Table III, these thermalization rates, reduced to pressure, i.e., ͑ th p͒, are compared with the experimental values, and those calculated by Shizgal et al. 3 For He, all the experimental results agree with the present results and with those of Shizgal et al 3 and Shizgal and Hatano. 18 Only the value of Suzuki and Hatano, 26 obtained by the extrapolation of He-Kr mixtures to pure He, is much smaller.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In recent years, there has been growing interest in experimental and theoretical studies of electron thermalization in various gases, owing to its importance to gaseous electronics and laser physics, discharge devices, transient conductivity experiments, swarm experiments, and various other applications. 3 Knowledge of electron thermalization in various gases and gas mixtures under various conditions is interesting from both theoretical and practical points of view. Pure rare gases are interesting because they do not have any other energy transfer process below the first electronic excitation level then the momentum transfer in elastic collisions, and some of them ͑Ar, Kr, Xe͒ possess the Ramsauer-Townsend ͑RT͒ minimum in the momentum-transfer cross section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they provide an ideal testing ground for theoretical studies of the time and temperature dependence of electron thermalization. [2][3][4][5] Rare gases are also important in experimental studies: They are used as buffer gases in electronswarm techniques of determining cross sections for various molecular gases added as ''impurities.'' 6 By calculating drift velocities 7 and thermal mobilities 8 in an external electric field, the authors observed that the addition of a small amount of He to Kr or Xe results in a rapid cooling of the electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron thermalization in rare gases and their mixtures

Bronić

Kimura

1996

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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A study of the parallel energy distribution of lost electrons from the central plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source Rev.The time evolution and temperature dependence of electron energy distribution functions ͑EDFs͒ are studied in pure rare gases ͑He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe͒ as well as in their mixtures by using solutions of the Boltzmann equation. A clear difference between the gases having the Ramsauer-Townsend ͑RT͒ minimum in the momentum-transfer cross section, ͑RT gases: Ar, Kr, and Xe͒, and those without the RT minimum ͑non-RT gases: He and Ne͒ is pointed out. The influence of the position and the depth of the RT minimum on the EDF and time evolution is studied for three different initial electron energies. A formula proposed for describing thermalization time in a mixture is tested on ͑i͒ a non-RT-non-RT gas mixture, ͑ii͒ a RT-non-RT mixture and ͑iii͒ a RT-RT gas mixture. The linear combination of the reciprocal thermalization times in gas mixture with the component concentrations as weighting factors is found to be valid for gases with a similar energy dependence of the momentum-transfer cross section, m , and also for all rare-gas binary mixtures if the initial electron energy is sufficiently below the RT minimum. Conspicuous deviations from the linear relationship are observed in mixtures of gases whose energy dependence of m ͑or the stopping cross section͒ are different, and theoretical rationales for these findings are provided.

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Section: Comparison With Experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron thermalization in rare gases and their mixtures

Bronić

Kimura

1996

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…between 0 and 0.4 eV under our experimental conditions. They are then thermalized in a few ns at atmospheric pressure [32,33]. Kjeldsen et al experimentally showed that the c/z-type fragment ion abundances display a maximum at a few tenths of eV, with a significant abundance for zero-kinetic energy electrons during ECD experiments on a model peptide [34].…”

Section: Sr-appi Of Substance Pmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring the peptide fragmentation mechanisms under atmospheric pressure photoionization using tunable VUV synchrotron radiation

Méjean

Giuliani

Brunelle

et al. 2015

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…If then the Fokker-Planck equation for g(x, t) is of the form, where the Fokker-Planck operator, L, is given by, and the drift and diffusion coefficients are and The details of this application have been discussed in previous papers (8,25). In [6] and [7], u(x) is the electron-atom momentum transfer cross section.…”

Section: The Wkb and Swkb Approach To The Solution Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) and SWKB solutions of Fokker–Planck equations with exact results; application to electron thermalization

Shizgal¹,

Demeio²

1991

Can. J. Phys.

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A comparison of WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) and SWKB eigenfunctions of the Schrodinger equation for potentials in the class encountered in supersymmetric quantum mechanics is presented. The potentials that are studied are those that result from the transformation of a Fokker-Planck eigenvalue problem to a Schrodinger equation. Linear Fokker-Planck equations of the type considered in this paper give the probability distribution function for a large number of physical situations. The time-dependent solutions can be expressed as a sum of exponential terms with each term characterized by an eigenvalue of the Fokker-Planck operator. The specific Fokker-Planck operator considered is the one that describes the thermalization of electrons in the inert gases. The WKB and SWKB semiclassical approximations are compared with exact numerical results. Although the eigenvalues can be very close to the exact values, we find significant departures for the eigenfunctions.On presente une comparaison entre les fonctions propres WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) et SWKB de I'Cquation de Schrodinger pour des potentiels de la classe rencontrke en mkcanique quantique supersymitrique. Les potentiels qui sont CtudiCs sont ceux qui rksultent de la transformation d'un problhe Fokker-Plank de valeurs propres en une equation de Schrodinger. Les equations Fokker-Plank IinCaires du type considere dans cet article donne la fonction de distribution de probabilite pour un grand nombre de situations physiques. Les solutions dipendantes du temps peuvent Ctre exprimkes comme une somme de termes exponentiels dont chacun est caractCrist par une valeur propre de I'opCrateur Fokker-Plank. L'opCrateur Fokker-Plank spkcifique considCrC est celui qui dCcrit la thermalisation d'electrons dans les gaz inertes. Les approximations semiclassiques WKB et SWKB son! comparCes avec les rtsultats nurntriques exacts. Bien que les valeurs propres approximative~ se rapprochent beaucoup des valeurs exactes, nous trouvons des Ccarts significatifs.[Traduit par la redaction]Can. J . Phys. 69. 712 (1991)

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Thermalization of electrons in gases

Cited by 10 publications

References 130 publications

Electron thermalization in rare gases and their mixtures

Electron thermalization in rare gases and their mixtures

Exploring the peptide fragmentation mechanisms under atmospheric pressure photoionization using tunable VUV synchrotron radiation

Comparison of WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) and SWKB solutions of Fokker–Planck equations with exact results; application to electron thermalization

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