Thermal variations of refractive index of PMMA, polystyrene, and poly (4-methyl-1 -pentene)

Michel, Patrick; Dugas, J.; Cariou, Jean-Michel; Martin, L.

doi:10.1080/00222348608248046

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Silica has a positive dn/dT of approximately 10 −5 /°C and polymer has a negative dn/dT of the order −10 −4 /°C. 2,3 Such disparity in the values of dn/dT is due to the fact that the thermo-optic effect exhibited by a material is determined by the combined influence of the temperature dependence of two factors: density and electronic polarizability. Density typically decreases with increasing temperature, causing a decrease in the number of polarizable species per unit volume and resulting in a decrease in the refractive index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

2003

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The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of inorganic-organic hybrid material films prepared by the sol-gel process of organoalkylsilanes is measured using a prism coupler equipped with a hot stage. The effect of the organic modifier on the variation of dn/dT in inorganic-organic hybrid material films has been investigated. The value of dn/dT becomes more negative with increasing molecular weight of the organic modifier or with an increase in the proportion of modifier in the sample. On the other hand, dn/dT increases with an increase in the degree of organic photopolymerization. From these results, it can be seen that the value of dn/dT in these films can be varied between −0.83 × 10 −4 /°C to −2.43 × 10 −4 /°C by changing the organic modifier concentration and type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

2003

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“…Little has been published on mode dispersion and bandwidth in step-index POFs under extreme temperature conditions. This paper extends the work presented in [10] to obtain an analytical function that describes the refractive index variation with temperature for large-core PMMA fibers. The modal dispersion and bandwidth are calculated within a wide range of temperatures, varying from −60 to +100 • C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Based on the previously reported experimental results [10], we have analyzed the refractive index variation with temperature for large-core PMMA POF. By a nonlinear least square fit, the following function is proposed for the variation of the refractive index: n(T ) = n 0 + aT + bT Fig.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…investigated temperature effects on power attenuation in deformed POFs. Measurement of thermal variations of refractive index of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, and poly (4-methyl-pentene) have also been reported [10]. Little has been published on mode dispersion and bandwidth in step-index POFs under extreme temperature conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While much research has focused on the computational simulation of POF performance [4][5][6][7], few publications report on the influence of temperature on optical characteristics of large-core step-index POF [8][9][10]. Chen et al [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Dependence Analysis of Mode Dispersion in Step-Index Polymer Optical Fibers

Kovačević

Djordjevich

2009

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Temperature dependence of the mode dispersion is investigated for commercially available polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based step-index polymer optical fibers. An analytical expression is proposed describing the thermal variation of the fiber refractive index. This index decreases with increasing temperature as density of the polymer material drops. The study covered the temperature range from −60• C to 100• C. Results show that the modal dispersion decreases and the bandwidth increases with rising temperature.

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Swelling of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films in low molecular weight alcohols

Papanu

Hess

Soane

et al. 1990

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe effects of solvent size, temperature, and polymer molecular weight on the swelling of poly(methy1 methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films in low molecular weight alcohols were investigated using an in situ ellipsometer. Apparent activation energies were indicative of non-Fickian diffusion, although optical data showed substantial Fickian character for swelling in methanol and moderate Fickian character in ethanol. Penetration rates were strongly dependent on the solvent molar volume for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, but 1-butanol and 2-pentanol had rates similar to isopropanol. The effective cross sections of these longer molecules are similar to isopropanol, and this apparently explains the similar penetration rates. The effect of polymer molecular weight (MW) on methanol penetration rates (21-27°C) was investigated with monodisperse PMMA ( M , = 6.4-40.0 X lo4 g/mol). A minimum at intermediate MW was observed.Isopropanol swelling rates (45-52OC) were insensitive to MW. The swelling data were also used to determine parameters for transport models that describe the swelling of thin polymer films.

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Thermal variations of refractive index of PMMA, polystyrene, and poly (4-methyl-1 -pentene)

Cited by 68 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

Temperature Dependence Analysis of Mode Dispersion in Step-Index Polymer Optical Fibers

Swelling of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films in low molecular weight alcohols

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