Thermal treatment of incinerator fly ash: Factors influencing the evaporation of ZnCl2

Stucki, Samuel; Jakob, A.

doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(97)10020-4

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, the heavy metals of interest are Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. In the literature, some studies have yielded promising results as regards the separation of heavy metals by thermal treatment (Auer et al, 1999;Jakob et al, 1995Jakob et al, , 1996Stucki and Jakob, 1997). The principal thermochemical reactions that control the evaporation of heavy metals are: the evaporation of the metallic forms or reduction at the metal state followed by evaporation; the evaporation of the volatile chlorides, and the formation of stable compounds within the solid matrix, which remain as oxides in the residue .…”

Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal thermochemical reactions that control the evaporation of heavy metals are: the evaporation of the metallic forms or reduction at the metal state followed by evaporation; the evaporation of the volatile chlorides, and the formation of stable compounds within the solid matrix, which remain as oxides in the residue . The amounts evaporated as well as the rates of evaporation are strongly influenced by chlorides Jakob et al (1996) Analysis of the ZnCl 2 evaporation Several factors have influence on the degree of Zn evaporation (composition, surface area) Stucki and Jakob (1997) A summary of the recent literature concerning separation processes for the treatment of ESP, FF, CA and APC residues produced during MSW incineration is presented in Table 4. The information indicated in this table was structured according to the separation process, type of residue analysed, the objective of the study and the main conclusion(s) drawn by the author(s).…”

Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Bordado²,

2008

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This work reviews strategies for the management of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues, particularly solid particles collected from flue gases. These tiny particles may be retained by different equipment, with or without additives (lime, activated carbon, etc.), and depending on the different possible combinations, their properties may vary. In industrial plants, the most commonly used equipment for heat recovery and the cleaning of gas emissions are: heat recovery devices (boiler, superheater and economiser); dry, semidry or wet scrubbers; electrostatic precipitators; bag filters; fabric filters, and cyclones. In accordance with the stringent regulations in force in developed countries, these residues are considered hazardous, and therefore must be treated before being disposed of in landfills. Nowadays, research is being conducted into specific applications for these residues in order to prevent landfill practices. There are basically two possible ways of handling these residues: landfill after adequate treatment or recycling as a secondary material. The different types of treatment may be grouped into three categories: separation processes, solidification/stabilization, and thermal methods. These residues generally have limited applications, mainly due to the fact that they tend to contain large quantities of soluble salts (NaCl, KCl, calcium compounds), significant amounts of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd) in forms that may easily leach out, and trace quantities of very toxic organic compounds (dioxin, furans). The most promising materials for recycling this residue are ceramics and glass-ceramic materials.The main purpose of the present paper is to review the published literature in this field. A range of studies have been summarized in a series of tables focusing upon management strategies used in various countries, waste composition, treatment processes and possible applications.

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Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Bordado²,

2008

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“…The striking discrepancy regarding zinc behaviour may be tentatively explained by taking into account the results of Jacob et al (1996) and of Stucki and Jacob (1997) on ZnCl 2 evaporation from incinerator fly ash. These works show that zinc evaporation into the air is governed by the vapour pressure of ZnCl 2 and limited by mass transfer from the solid matrix to the gaseous stream.…”

Section: Comparison With Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behaviour of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace

et al. 2003

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“…Although Zn is a volatile heavy metal, the volatilization rates of Zn shows no obvious change when the heating temperature is increased. This is probably because Zn is simultaneously involved in two distinct competing reactions (Stucki et al, 1997;Nowak et al, 2013): (1) Zn oxides react with NaCl to form a volatile compound zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) as a reaction, and (2) Zn oxides react with SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 to form some more stable compounds such as willemite (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ). Wey (2006) revealed that the water-washing process could change the speciation of Cu and Pb and inhibit their emission during thermal treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Flotation On the Phase Distribution And Volatilizamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reburning Treatment of the Froths Obtained after the Flotation of Incinerator Fly Ash

Wei

Liu²,

Liu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Flotation has been proven to successfully remove most polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and carbon constituents from hospital solid waste incinerator (HSWI) fly ash. The resultant froths contain large quantities of carbon constituents that can reburn in the incinerator. In this paper, the reburning behavior of froths at temperatures from 800°C to 1200°C was compared with that of HSWI fly ash. Results showed that the destruction efficiency of PCDD/Fs was higher in the froths than in the fly ash at the same reburning temperature. The destruction efficiencies of PCDD/Fs in the froths exceeded 98% at temperatures higher than 1000°C. The volatilization ratio of Pb, Zn, and Cu was lower in the froths than in the fly ash. Furthermore, reburning of the froths can achieve energy recovery of the carbon constituents. Therefore, flotation followed by reburning treatment in a combustion chamber could be a suitable process for the detoxification and reutilization of HSWI fly ash.

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Thermal treatment of incinerator fly ash: Factors influencing the evaporation of ZnCl2

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Behaviour of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace

Reburning Treatment of the Froths Obtained after the Flotation of Incinerator Fly Ash

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