Thermal tolerance in adult Mediterranean and Natal fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa): Effects of age, gender and feeding status

Nyamukondiwa, Casper; Terblanche, John S.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.09.002

Cited by 145 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…However, it is less well documented that the time-course of plastic responses of thermal tolerance can also have marked effects on differential survival among populations or species. When estimated as proportion surviving at acute high or low temperatures, both the widespread C. capitata and more restricted congener C. rosa have similar levels of basal thermal tolerance (although see Nyamukondiwa & Terblanche, 2009). In addition, these lethal temperatures are similar to those reported for other tropical-temperate insects (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All cages were held at similar low densities to avoid stressful crowding effects that might affect thermal tolerance estimates. All flies used in thermal tolerance experiments were of a similar age (24-48 h old) and had access to food and water ad libitum, but were of mixed genders since sex does not appear to affect thermal tolerance in either species (Nyamukondiwa & Terblanche, 2009).…”

Section: Study Animals and Rearing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance contributes to the invasion potential of Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata)

Nyamukondiwa

Kleynhans

Terblanche

2010

Ecological Entomology

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108

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Abstract. 1. The invasion success of Ceratitis capitata probably stems from physiological, morphological, and behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive in different habitats. However, it is generally poorly understood if variation in acute thermal tolerance and its phenotypic plasticity might be important in facilitating survival of C. capitata upon introduction to novel environments.2. Here, by comparison of widely distributed C. capitata with a narrowly distributed congener, C. rosa, we show that both species have similar levels of survival to acute high and low temperature exposures under common rearing conditions. However, these species differ dramatically in the time-course of plastic responses to acute low temperature treatments.3. The range of temperatures that induce rapid cold hardening (RCH) are similar for both species. However, C. capitata has two distinct advantages over C. rosa. First, at 5• C C. capitata develops RCH significantly faster than C. rosa. Second, C.capitata maintains a RCH response longer than C. rosa (8 vs. 0.5 h). 4. A simple population survival model, based on the estimated time-course of RCH responses determined for both species, was undertaken to simulate time to extinction for both species introduced into a similar thermally variable environment. The model showed that time to extinction is greater for C. capitata than for C. rosa, especially in habitats where temperatures frequently drop below 10• C.5. Thus, variation in RCH responses may translate into significant variation in survival upon introduction to novel thermal habitats for C. capitata, particularly in cooler and more thermally variable geographic regions, and may contribute to their ongoing invasion success relative to other, more geographically constrained Ceratitis species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Animals and Rearing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance contributes to the invasion potential of Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata)

Nyamukondiwa

Kleynhans

Terblanche

2010

Ecological Entomology

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108

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“…Obviously if the animal relies on evaporative water loss for thermal regulation, the effect will be most pronounced, but it may also be important for species that are not thought to do so, such as mealworm larvae (Mellanby, 1932). The same situation may apply to fed versus fasted individuals (see Nyamukondiwa and Terblanche, 2009) (see below).…”

Section: Confounding Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

Terblanche

Hoffmann

Mitchell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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375

370

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SummaryThe acute thermal tolerance of ectotherms has been measured in a variety of ways; these include assays where organisms are shifted abruptly to stressful temperatures and assays where organisms experience temperatures that are ramped more slowly to stressful levels. Ramping assays are thought to be more relevant to natural conditions where sudden abrupt shifts are unlikely to occur often, but it has been argued that thermal limits established under ramping conditions are underestimates of true thermal limits because stresses due to starvation and/or desiccation can arise under ramping. These confounding effects might also impact the variance and heritability of thermal tolerance. We argue here that ramping assays are useful in capturing aspects of ecological relevance even though there is potential for confounding effects of other stresses that can also influence thermal limits in nature. Moreover, we show that the levels of desiccation and starvation experienced by ectotherms in ramping assays will often be minor unless the assays involve small animals and last for many hours. Empirical data illustrate that the combined effects of food and humidity on thermal limits under ramping and sudden shifts to stressful conditions are unpredictable; in Drosophila melanogaster the presence of food decreased rather than increased thermal limits, whereas in Ceratitis capitata they had little impact. The literature provides examples where thermal limits are increased under ramping presumably because of the potential for physiological changes leading to acclimation. It is unclear whether heritabilities and population differentiation will necessarily be lower under ramping because of confounding effects. Although it is important to clearly define experimental methods, particularly when undertaking comparative assessments, and to understand potential confounding effects, thermotolerance assays based on ramping remain an important tool for understanding and predicting species responses to environmental change. An important area for further development is to identify the impact of rates of temperature change under field and laboratory conditions.

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“…Our ability to identify the physiological factors that underlie temperature-related distribution patterns is highly important for making predictions about where species will occur and how they will perform in warmer climates (Somero, 2010). Thermal limits to activity are often determined experimentally as the critical thermal maximum (CT max ) and minimum (CT min ) (Klok and Chown, 2003;Folk et al, 2007;Terblanche et al, 2007;Nyamukondiwa and Terblanche, 2009), which are the temperatures at which activity becomes uncontrolled (see Cowles and Bogart, 1944). Although critical thermal limits are widely measured, methods for identifying CT max and CT min are highly varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in critical thermal maxima and mortality across life stages of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

Vorhees

Bradley

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThermal limits to activity profoundly affect the abundance and distribution of ectothermic animals. Upper thermal limits to activity are typically reported as the critical thermal maximum (CT max ), the temperature at which activity becomes uncontrolled. Thermolimit respirometry is a new technique that allows CT max to be quantified in small animals, such as insects, as the point of spiracular failure by measuring CO 2 release from the animal as temperature increases. Although prior studies have reported a characteristic pattern of CO 2 release for insects during thermolimit respirometry trials, no studies have been carried out to determine the universality of this pattern across development, or at what point death occurs along this pattern. Here, we compared the CT max and patterns of CO 2 release among three life stages of a beetle species, Tenebrio molitor, and mapped heat death onto these patterns. Our study is the first to report distinct patterns of CO 2 release in different life stages of an insect species during thermolimit respirometry. Our results show that CT max was significantly higher in adult beetles than in either larvae or pupae (P<0.001) and, similarly, death occurred at higher temperatures in adults than in larvae and pupae. We also found that death during heating closely follows CT max in these animals, which confirms that measuring the loss of spiracular control with thermolimit respirometry successfully identifies the point of physiological limitation during heat stress. Supplementary material available online at

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Thermal tolerance in adult Mediterranean and Natal fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa): Effects of age, gender and feeding status

Cited by 145 publications

References 50 publications

Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance contributes to the invasion potential of Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata)

Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance contributes to the invasion potential of Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata)

Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

Differences in critical thermal maxima and mortality across life stages of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

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