Thermal thresholds as predictors of seed dormancy release and germination timing: altitude-related risks from climate warming for the wild grapevine Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris

Orru, Martino; Mattana, Efisio; Pritchard, Hugh W.; Bacchetta, Gianluigi

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs218

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, parameters calculated in a restricted set of experimental treatments give comprehensive estimations of reproduction in complex environments (Hardegree et al, 1999). This allows, for example, an exploration of plant reproduction in climate change scenarios (Orrù et al, 2012). Second, thermal time parameters are comparable in a standard way across seed individuals, populations and species (Trudgill, Squire & Thompson, 2000).…”

Section: (2) Thermal Time and Plant Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

2018

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Plant persistence and migration in face of climate change depends on successful reproduction by seed, a central aspect of plant life that drives population dynamics, community assembly and species distributions. Plant reproduction by seed is a chain of physiological processes, the rates of which are a function of temperature, and can be modelled using thermal time models. Importantly, while seed reproduction responds to its instantaneous thermal environment, there is also evidence of phenotypic plasticity in response to the thermal history experienced by the plant's recent ancestors, by the reproducing plant since seedling establishment, and by its seeds both before and after their release. This phenotypic plasticity enables a thermal memory of plant reproduction, which allows individuals to acclimatise to their surroundings. This review synthesises current knowledge on the thermal memory of plant reproduction by seed, and highlights its importance for modelling approaches based on physiological thermal time. We performed a comprehensive search in the Web of Science and analysed 533 relevant articles, of which 81 provided material for a meta-analysis of thermal memory in reproductive functional traits based on the effect size Zr. The articles encompassed the topics of seed development, seed yield (mass and number), seed dormancy (physiological, morphological and physical), germination, and seedling establishment. The results of the meta-analysis provide evidence for a thermal memory of seed yield, physiological dormancy and germination. Seed mass and physiological dormancy appear to be the central hubs of this memory. We argue for integrating thermal memory into a predictive framework based on physiological time modelling. This will provide a quantitative assessment of plant reproduction, a complex system that integrates past and present thermal inputs to achieve successful reproduction in changing environments. The effects of a warming environment on plant reproduction cannot be reduced to a qualitative interpretation of absolute positives and negatives. Rather, these effects need to be understood in terms of changing rates and thresholds for the physiological process that underlie reproduction by seed.

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Section: (2) Thermal Time and Plant Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

2018

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“…Through both intra-and interspecific comparisons of species' responses to ex situ and in situ environments, insights have been gained of the spatial and temporal components of emergence, with apparent universal applicability across habitats and lifeforms (D€ urr et al, 2015;Orr u et al, 2012;Porceddu, Mattana, Pritchard, & Bacchetta, 2013;Pritchard, Steadman, Nash, & Jones, 1999;Steadman & Pritchard, 2004). Recently, thermal time modelling has been applied to a limited number of species to predict and validate germination performance under various climate change scenarios (Fern andez-Pascual et al, 2015;Ordoñez-Salanueva et al, 2015;Orr u et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype across the environmental envelope of the Cactaceae

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et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Recruitment from seeds is among the most vulnerable stage for plants as global temperatures change. While germination is the means by which the vast majority of the world's flora regenerate naturally, a framework for accurately predicting which species are at greatest risk of germination failure during environmental perturbation is lacking. Taking a physiological approach, we assess how one family, the Cactaceae, may respond to global temperature change based on the thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype. We selected 55 cactus species from the Americas, all geo-referenced seed collections, reflecting the broad environmental envelope of the family across 70° of latitude and 3700 m of altitude. We then generated empirical data of the thermal germination response from which we estimated the minimum (T ), optimum (T ) and ceiling (T ) temperature for germination and the thermal time (θ ) for each species based on the linearity of germination rate with temperature. Species with the highest T and lowest T germinated fastest, and the interspecific sensitivity of the germination rate to temperature, as assessed through θ , varied tenfold. A left-skewed asymmetry in the germination rate with temperature was relatively common but the unimodal pattern typical of crop species failed for nearly half of the species due to insensitivity to temperature change at T . For 32 fully characterized species, seed thermal parameters correlated strongly with the mean temperature of the wettest quarter of the seed collection sites. By projecting the mean temperature of the wettest quarter under two climate change scenarios, we predict under the least conservative scenario (+3.7°C) that 25% of cactus species will have reduced germination performance, whilst the remainder will have an efficiency gain, by the end of the 21st century.

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“…() found that dormancy in Beichun grape (a cross‐breed of V. vinifera × V. amurensis ) was consistently released after prolonged stratification at temperature <15°C, while an exposure of the seeds to 25°C induced a secondary dormancy state. In line with previous research (Ellis et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Orrù et al ., ), our results show that cold stratification (i.e. winter conditions) successfully broke seed dormancy, although to a different extent across different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…sylvestris (Willd.) Hegi, Orrù et al ., ; and V. amurensis Rupr., Wang et al ., ]. Therefore, little is known whether the current expansion of wild Vitis species is driven by regeneration from seed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative seed germination study across alien grapes (Vitis, Vitaceae) in Europe

et al. 2017

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Alien grape (Vitis, Vitaceae) species and recently described hybrids are recognised as major environmental weeds in southern Europe, based on their tendency to spread into natural and semi-natural habitats, often behaving as invasive species. Despite a high number of agronomic, genetic and phytopathological studies on Vitis cultivars, regeneration from seed has been poorly investigated, although it plays a key role in plant distribution and evolution. To this end, in this study we exposed seeds of eight wild grapes in Europe (three species and five nothospecies, including the native Vitis vinifera), to different temperature treatments in the laboratory. Fresh seeds from all studied taxa were dormant and germinated only after cold and/or warm plus cold stratification, but showing significant differences between the species. Seeds of V. vinifera showed an intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy, while all other tested Vitis taxa exhibited a deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. Dark conditions reduced the germination percentage in Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia and V. vinifera and their hybrids, and alternating temperatures elicited the highest germination percentages in all populations. Our results demonstrated for the first time that Vitis hybrids are capable of regeneration by seed, even in the absence of dispersal by animals. The germination processes studied here help understand the current expansion of alien Vitis taxa in Europe outside the viticultural areas. Consequently, germination requirements contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alien Vitis taxa establishment and invasion.

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Thermal thresholds as predictors of seed dormancy release and germination timing: altitude-related risks from climate warming for the wild grapevine Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

Thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype across the environmental envelope of the Cactaceae

Comparative seed germination study across alien grapes (Vitis, Vitaceae) in Europe

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