Thermal Stresses Generated in the Lining of a Steel Ladle

Nikiforov, A. S.; Prikhod'ko, É. V.

doi:10.1007/s11148-006-0012-2

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…To analyze the options for heating the lining of high-temperature units, we used a program developed based on a mathematical model [10]. The program calculates the temperature distribution over the lining cross section and the resulting thermal stresses based on the temperature of the inner surface of the lining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Methods for Heating the Lining of High-Temperature Units

Prikhod'ko

2021

Refract Ind Ceram

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An analysis of the methods of increasing the temperature of the lining during its drying and heating is given. Three options for increasing the temperature are considered: the maximum possible initial heating rate and its further decrease, the average heating rate, and the minimum initial heating rate and its further acceleration to the maximum. It is shown that for preserving the resulting thermal stresses below the strength limit of the material, the heating option with the highest initial heating rate followed by its further decrease is the most efficient.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Methods for Heating the Lining of High-Temperature Units

Prikhod'ko

2021

Refract Ind Ceram

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“…We will calculate thermal stresses using the following formula, in accordance with the methodology given in [24][25][26][27][28]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Cooling Modes of the Lining of a Ferroalloy-Casting Ladle

Prikhodko,

Nikiforov,

Kinzhibekova

et al. 2024

Energies

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An important element of the operation of high-temperature aggregates are modes that change over time. During these modes, maximum temperature changes are recorded in the cross-section of the lining of the aggregate. The difference in temperature leads to the formation of thermal stresses, which are the main reason for the repair of aggregates. During rapid heating, the inner layers of the lining are subjected to compressive stresses, while during rapid cooling, these layers experience tensile stresses. Under the same conditions, rapid cooling of the lining is more critical, since refractories have poor resistance to tension. The purpose of the study is to calculate and analyze the thermal stresses that arise during cooling of the casting ladle lining. The stresses are determined based on the calculation of the unsteady temperature field of the lining. Thermal stress values are necessary for analysis of the current cooling rates of casting ladles and subsequent development of optimal cooling modes for the lining. To solve the heat conductivity equation, a numerical method was chosen using an implicit four-point difference scheme. To study the cooling process of the casting ladle lining, temperature measurements were carried out in the zone of the greatest wear of the lining. Under conditions of natural convection, cooling of the casting ladle lining occurs unevenly. Cooling schedules during natural convection are characterized by significant unevenness and high rates of temperature decrease. The cooling rates of the inner surface of the lining at the initial stage of cooling significantly exceed the values recommended in the technical literature. Such cooling rates lead to the appearance of significant thermal stresses in the lining. For a refractory that has not been in service, the maximum thermal compressive stresses exceed the ultimate compressive strength by 1.27 times, and the tensile stresses exceed the corresponding limit values by 4.4 times. For refractories that have worked three fuses in the ladle lining, the maximum thermal compressive stresses exceed the ultimate compressive strength by 1.28 times, and the tensile stresses exceed the corresponding limit values by 3.19 times. The studied cooling modes for the casting ladle lining are unacceptable for operation. Cooling, taking into account the indicated rates, leads to the destruction of the lining material. To increase the resistance and duration of the working campaign of casting ladle linings, it is necessary to develop cooling modes for the lining at speeds at which the resulting thermal stresses do not exceed the strength of the refractory materials.

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“…For example, the heating curve of a 25-ton steel-casting ladle (with a total heating duration of 24 h) has sections where thermal stresses exceed the limit values. The total duration of these sections is 4 h 10 min [3]. The inner surface of the lining reaches its maximum temperature already after 16 h of heating.…”

Section: Introduction (Problem Statement)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, when the ultimate strength decreases below the standard values, lower rates of temperature change are required. The development of rational heating schedules consists of calculating the heating rates at the level of critical speeds without exceeding the limiting speeds [3]. This will make it possible to reduce the duration of heating or cooling operations on the lining and increase the productivity of high-temperature aggregates.…”

Section: Introduction (Problem Statement)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on the Ultimate Strength of Refractory Materials

Prikhodko,

Nikiforov,

Kinzhibekova

et al. 2023

Energies

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The energy efficiency of high-temperature batch aggregates largely depends on the modes of their heating and cooling. The modes of heating and cooling of aggregates in which thermal stress does not exceed the critical values of the ultimate strength of the refractories make it possible to increase their service life. The increase in the service life of refractories will lead to a reduction in the number of lining repairs and a decrease in the specific consumption of refractory materials per ton of technological product. Shorter warm-up and cool-down times result in lower energy consumption. Reducing the time for variable modes for casting ladles increases their turnover (the number of melt discharges into the ladle per day). Increasing ladle turnover not only reduces the number of ladles but also improves the economic performance of the enterprise. The ultimate strength of the refractory material significantly affects the rate of temperature change during heating and cooling of the refractory masonry. The purpose of this research is to study the dependence of the ultimate compression and tensile strengths of chamotte materials of the ShKU brand on temperature. The determination of the compression and tensile strengths was carried out on new samples of refractory materials as well as on samples of refractories that were in operation until the intermediate repair. To determine the ultimate compression strength of chamotte refractories, the standard technique for axial compression of the test specimen until its destruction was used. To determine the ultimate tensile strength, a three-point bending test was used with additional control of the surface temperature of the test sample during the test. The ultimate compression strength of chamotte refractories of the ShKU-32 brand increased for the new refractories by a maximum of 44%. For refractories that were in operation until the intermediate repair, the ultimate compression strength increased by a maximum of 56%. The value of the ultimate tensile strength at elevated temperatures turned out to be higher than the value at a temperature of 20 °C. For new refractories, the maximum ultimate tensile strength is 25% higher than the ultimate tensile strength under normal conditions. For refractories that were in operation until the intermediate repair, the maximum ultimate tensile strength increased by 24%. The obtained results can be used to increase the rate of heating or cooling of linings.

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Thermal Stresses Generated in the Lining of a Steel Ladle

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Methods for Heating the Lining of High-Temperature Units

Analysis of Methods for Heating the Lining of High-Temperature Units

Analysis of the Cooling Modes of the Lining of a Ferroalloy-Casting Ladle

Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on the Ultimate Strength of Refractory Materials

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