Thermal stratification patterns in urban ponds and their relationships with vertical nutrient gradients

Song, Kang; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.; Buttle, J. M.; Maršálek, Jiří; Wagner, Nicole D.; Pick, Frances R.; Frost, Paul C.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.052

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Bentzen et al 1992;Siuda and Chróst 2001;Nausch and Nausch 2007). While P transformations may be important in stormwater ponds due to the high quantity of DOP, other sources, including internal P release from sediments under anaerobic conditions, created by high productivity and periods of water column stratification, could also partially explain the increased P concentrations observed here (Song et al 2013;Figs. 4, 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…All study ponds were ''wet ponds'' that have a permanent pool of a maximum water depth of 0.9-2.5 m (Table 1). In mid-summer and fall, these shallow stormwater ponds experience alternating periods of stratification and water column mixing, the nature of which are determined by seasonal temperature patterns and episodic storm events (Song et al 2013). Our study sampled four distinct locations within each pond: adjacent to inlet, middle of forebay, middle of main pond, and near outlet.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fingerprints of urban nutrients: dynamics of phosphorus speciation in water flowing through developed landscapes

Song

Xenopoulos

Maršálek³

et al. 2015

Biogeochemistry

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As urban ecosystems are known to be phosphorus (P)-rich environments, the sources of this nutrient and its biogeochemistry within human-dominated landscapes remain in need of study. Specifically, very little is known about how different P species vary within and among urban aquatic environments. In this study, we examined the phosphorus dynamics in urban stormwater ponds that are embedded in residential landscapes. Water samples were collected from stormwater ponds located in southern Ontario, Canada during the summer of 2012. We measured several P types: total P; TP, particulate P; PP, and dissolved inorganic P; DIP as well as two classes of DOP (phosphomonoesters (MP) and phosphodiesters (DP)) in the surface water samples. In most ponds, PP in outflowing water were found at concentrations higher (up to 12 times) than those measured in incoming stormwater. With respect to DOP, DP increased and became more abundant in outflowing compared to inflowing waters while MP concentrations decreased within ponds. The magnitude of these spatial changes from pond inlets to outlets was strongly linked to recent periods of rainfall and the hydrological condition of pond inflows. Elevated MP was found adjacent to inlets especially during periods of more frequent rainfall, which indicates that MP is derived from terrestrial sources and delivered by stormwater. In contrast, DP production was more related to internal biological activity in ponds as its concentrations increased during relatively dry conditions with low stormwater flow. Our results demonstrate that stormwater ponds have significant influence on the quantity and types of P moving through these highly human-modified environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fingerprints of urban nutrients: dynamics of phosphorus speciation in water flowing through developed landscapes

Song

Xenopoulos

Maršálek³

et al. 2015

Biogeochemistry

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“…USDC are not open to the environment so they are not affected by solar radiation. Therefore, the thermal issues with SWM ponds, such as elevated effluent temperature and thermal gradients [1,[13][14][15][16] may be avoided. All of these factors combine such that the conditions within a USDC need to be researched as a separate entity to the SWM pond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an Underground Stormwater Detention Chamber and Comparison with Stormwater Management Ponds

Drake

Young

McIntosh

2016

Water

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Abstract:The transportation of pollutants from impervious surfaces during runoff events to receiving water bodies is a serious environmental problem. Summer runoff is also heated by impervious surfaces, causing thermal enrichment in receiving water body systems and degradation of coldwater aquatic ecosystems. End-of-pipe stormwater management facilities that are open to the environment can result in further elevated temperatures due to exposure to solar radiation. Receiving water systems that provide coldwater habitat require cool water temperatures to sustain healthy conditions for cold water flora and fauna (e.g., trout, dace). Underground Stormwater Detention Chambers (USDC) are a technology for the detention and treatment of stormwater runoff that can potentially solve the thermal issues associated with sun-exposed detention facilities while still providing an equivalent level of treatment services for stormwater pollutants. A field study of an USDC located in Southern Ontario was undertaken to characterize its treatment performance and effect on water temperature. The results were: the USDC was found to provide similar levels of stormwater treatment as wet detention ponds. On average, outlet maximum temperatures were 5˝C cooler than inlet maximum temperatures, and outlet water temperatures remained within the thermal regime for coldwater fish habitat throughout the evaluation period. There was little to no stratification of temperature, nor dissolved solids, but stratification of dissolved oxygen was observed mid-winter and into the spring.

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“…Since many pond systems utilize bottom draw outflows, this thermal structure and accompanying low dissolved oxygen could cause a significant release of pollutants to receiving waters due to changes in nutrient and contaminant chemistry under (EC 2005;MOECC 1994) reducing conditions (McEnroe et al 2013;Schueler and Galli 2000;Song et al 2013). Depth and water clarity are the major predictors of stratification (e.g., Condie and Webster 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the presence or absence of forebays influences suspended sediment concentrations, as well as phosphorus, most of which is adsorbed to sediments (Bedore et al 2008;Zhou et al 2005). Deeper ponds may be expected to periodically thermally or chemically stratify to a degree, isolating bottom waters that can become anoxic due to microbial activity in sediments (McEnroe et al 2013;Song et al 2013). Ponds with longer, more sinuous shorelines that mimic natural wetlands support greater macrophyte coverage and would be expected to have lower ambient nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations due to nutrient assimilation and sediment trapping (Kadlec and Knight 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape and morphometric controls on water quality in stormwater management ponds

Chiandet

Xenopoulos

2016

Urban Ecosyst

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Stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) are used to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization on water quality, and are increasing in numbers in the urban landscape. Given that these novel urban environments are becoming more ubiquitous and are being used as habitat by myriad flora and fauna, it is important to understand what controls water quality in SWMPs. We sampled 50 SWMPs and associated forebays in Southern Ontario, Canada for water quality to investigate the role of morphometric and landscape characteristics in determining water quality under baseflow conditions. SWMPs were characterized by extremely variable water quality, which was highly degraded compared to natural ponds. We found significant differences in water quality among varying ponds types, including ponds with different forebay designs and those without forebays. Ambient pond water quality was correlated with variables such as watershed imperviousness contributed by roads, sewershed area, and rainfall amount. We found that pond morphometry influenced nutrient concentrations, and that pond length, width, length: width ratio and surface area: perimeter ratio had the highest correlation with water quality. Over 80 % of SWMPs were found to show thermal structure, which often resulted in low dissolved oxygen, particularly at the sediment-water interface. These results will improve understanding of these new urban aquatic systems, including their suitability as habitat, and help managers improve pond nutrient removal efficiency.

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Thermal stratification patterns in urban ponds and their relationships with vertical nutrient gradients

Cited by 74 publications

References 32 publications

The fingerprints of urban nutrients: dynamics of phosphorus speciation in water flowing through developed landscapes

The fingerprints of urban nutrients: dynamics of phosphorus speciation in water flowing through developed landscapes

Performance of an Underground Stormwater Detention Chamber and Comparison with Stormwater Management Ponds

Landscape and morphometric controls on water quality in stormwater management ponds

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