Thermal stability of LixCoO2, LixNiO2 and λ-MnO2 and consequences for the safety of Li-ion cells

Dahn, J. R.; Fuller, E. W.; Obrovac, M. N.; Sacken, U. von

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(94)90415-4

Cited by 680 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[ 2 , 5-8 ] Unfortunately, the instability of de-lithiated Li x NiO 2 and LiMnO 2 limits their usage as Li-ion cathodes. [9][10][11] Although, the LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 (0 < y ≤ 0.5) compounds show better thermal stability in organic electrolytes, [ 12 , 13 ] the electronic conductivity and structural stability are lower than that of LiCoO 2 , thereby negatively affecting rate capability and lifetime, respectively. Different compounds with variations in y (LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 ) including the one discussed here have been studied, but it has still not been possible to demonstrate stable high rates with conventional electrodes.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ban

et al. 2010

Advanced Energy Materials

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wileyonlinelibrary.comAdv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, [58][59][60][61][62] Extensive studies on intercalation electrodes have enabled rapid development of lithium-ion batteries for electronic applications. However, limited cycle life and moderate rate-capability as well as the high-cost of electrode materials still restrict penetration of Li-ion cells for vehicular applications. [ 1 ] LiCoO 2 , the most commonly employed cathode in portable electronics with a capacity of ~135 mAh g − 1 , is expensive, toxic and unstable at higher voltages ( > 4.3 V). [2][3][4] Recently, Ni and Mn substituted compounds (LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 (0 < y ≤ 0.5)) have been explored. [ 2 , 5-8 ] Unfortunately, the instability of de-lithiated Li x NiO 2 and LiMnO 2 limits their usage as Li-ion cathodes. [9][10][11] Although, the LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 (0 < y ≤ 0.5) compounds show better thermal stability in organic electrolytes, [ 12 , 13 ] the electronic conductivity and structural stability are lower than that of LiCoO 2 , thereby negatively affecting rate capability and lifetime, respectively. Different compounds with variations in y (LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 ) including the one discussed here have been studied, but it has still not been possible to demonstrate stable high rates with conventional electrodes. [ 14 , 15 ] Recent research in the Whittingham group has shown that LiNi y Mn y Co 1-2y O 2 (y = 0.4, 0.45) compounds have higher capacities than other compositions but still exhibit low rate-capability. [ 16 ] Many efforts to enhance the conductivity of layered structures that improves the rate performance of Ni and Mn substituted compounds have been undertaken. Carbon coatings have been successfully employed to improve electronic conductivity. [17][18][19] The use of nanoscale materials is also considered an effective way to ameliorate rate performance due to shorter lithium diffusion paths. [ 20 , 21 ] But, the large surface area of nanomaterials can cause undesirable side reactions that ultimately impair cycling performance. [ 22 ] Surface coatings with stable chemicals such as Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 have been employed to protect the surface resulting in a longer cycle-life. [ 2 , 23 ] However, the electronic conductivity may be reduced if the coating is an insulating material. [ 24 ] In our previous work we demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) could be employed as a fl exible net enabling reversible cycling for a high volume expansion materials. [ 25 ] In this work the cathode material does not undergo volume expansion but suffers from poor electrical conductivity and surface over-charge/over-discharge causing capacity fade, especially at high rate. We now demonstrate that the SWNTs can improve both conductivity and also stabilize the surface at an exceptionally high rate of 10C (charge/discharge in 6 min). Specifi cally, by constructing an LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 cathode (NMCSWNT) with 5 wt.% SWNTs, the cathode is shown to have a capacity of ˜130 mAh g − 1 at 5C and nearly 120 mAh g − 1 at 10C, both for...

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Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ban

et al. 2010

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…(1). As discussed in section 6.15 the overcharged cathode Li x CoO 2 ,as x→0 ,decomposes into Co 3 O 4 and oxygen, (Dahn et al, 1994). At higher temperatures, the liberated oxygen and Co 3 O 4 promotes combustion of carbonaceous materials.…”

Section: Overcharge At 1c Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Chemical Process Associated with Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode in Lithium Ion Batteries

Doh¹,

Veluchamy²

2010

Lithium-Ion Batteries

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“…Work by Dahn and coworkers demonstrated that most cathode chemistries decompose and evolve oxygen. 74 Data on oxygen evolution at elevated temperature have been published for LiCoO 2 , 75 LiNiO 2 , 76 and LiMn 2 O 4 . 77 Oxygen production during high-temperature cathode decomposition is correlated with exotherms observed in ARC experiments.…”

Section: Cathodes In Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance

Doughty¹

2012

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Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. ForewordIn 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) entered into a subcontract agreement with Dr. Daniel Doughty, the principal of Battery Safety Consulting Inc. At NREL, we perform battery research and development (R&D) in areas of materials, modeling, testing, and system analysis, particularly as they relate to the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery safety modeling and testing for electrified vehicles. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Storage R&D Vehicle Technologies Program in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under DOE/VTP Agreement 16378 of the 1102000 B&R, NREL Task Number FC086200.The purpose of the subcontract was to investigate the research, development, and other activities related to the safety of Li-ion batteries for electric drive vehicles and to provide recommendations for developing a DOE roadmap for the safety of Li-ion batteries for electric drive vehicles. Dr. Doughty has a long, distinguished career in battery R&D, particularly at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), where he was responsible for the safety and abuse tolerance testing of batteries for more than 15 years. Dr. Doughty has chaired the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) committee that revised and updated SAE Recommended Test Procedure J2464, "Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Safety and Abuse Testing," published November 2009. With his strong experience in battery safety and involvement with safety committees, Dr. Doughty was in a unique position to perform this work by collecting the necessary information, interacting with key players in the community, and providing recommendations.This document is divided into two sections: (1) the synopsis, which discusses high-level findings of the work, and (2) the full report, which provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of the state of the art and also discusses interactions with experts, users, researchers, and developers from different organizations interested in the safety of vehicle batteries.The findings and recommendations in this document will be taken into consideration by the Energy Storage R&D Program at the DOE Vehicle Technologies Program for further defining the R&D roadmap for developing safer batteries for electric drive vehicles. SynopsisThe safety of electrified vehicles with high-capacity energy storage devices creates challenges that must be met to ensure commercial acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). One of the most important objectives of DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies is to support the development of Li-ion batteries that are safe and abuse tolerant in electric drive vehicles.Batteries for EVs and HEVs, which in this document includes plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), are different from batteries developed for other applications. The environment that vehicle traction batteries experience during their life is more diff...

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Thermal stability of LixCoO2, LixNiO2 and λ-MnO2 and consequences for the safety of Li-ion cells

Cited by 680 publications

References 9 publications

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Thermo-Chemical Process Associated with Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode in Lithium Ion Batteries

Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance

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Thermal stability of LixCoO2, LixNiO2 and λ-MnO2 and consequences for the safety of Li-ion cells

Cited by 680 publications

References 9 publications

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Thermo-Chemical Process Associated with Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode in Lithium Ion Batteries

Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance

Contact Info

Product

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Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi_0.4Mn_0.4Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes