Thermal Stability of High Temperature Fuels

Edwards, Tim; Atria, J. V.

doi:10.1115/97-gt-143

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, depending on the temperature on substrate surface, at least seven types of carbonaceous deposits were identified in the literature . The substrate temperature is a significant parameter having a major influence not only on the rate, but also on the type of carbonaceous deposition. − At lower temperatures around 150 °C, thermal oxidative deposits result from the reactions of fuel components with dissolved oxygen (∼70 ppm) . Other kinds of deposits occur at higher temperatures (>350 °C) and result from thermal/catalytic cracking reactions of the fuel components, depending on the residence time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of Solid Deposits from Thermal Stressing of a JP-8 Fuel on Different Tube Surfaces in a Flow Reactor

Altın

Eser

2000

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

108

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Thermal stressing of a JP-8 fuel was carried out in an isothermal flow reactor using nickel, stainless steel (316 and 304), Silcosteel, and glass-lined stainless steel tubes at 500 °C wall temperature and 34 atm (500 psig) for 5 h at a liquid fuel flow rate of 1 mL/min. Different length segments along the sample tubes were analyzed to observe the deposit distribution throughout the test section. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) analysis and SEM examination of the stressed tubes showed differences in the amount and nature of the solid deposits obtained on the different substrates. The activity of the tube surfaces toward carbon deposition decreases in the order nickel > SS 316 > SS304 > Silcosteel > glass-lined stainless steel. The catalytic activity of the metal surfaces was noted using TPO analysis in conjunction with SEM examination of the deposited tubes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of Solid Deposits from Thermal Stressing of a JP-8 Fuel on Different Tube Surfaces in a Flow Reactor

Altın

Eser

2000

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

108

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“…The fuel is vaporized at temperatures up to 600 K and mixed with the preheated nitrogen flow. Thermal degradation or cracking of the fuel is negligible at temperatures up to 600 K according to the study of Edwards and Atria [36]. They observed pyrolytic deposition from deoxygenated kerosenes starting at temperatures above ~770 K. This type of deposition appeared directly related to thermal cracking.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An experimental and modeling study of burning velocities of possible future synthetic jet fuels

Kick

Herbst

Kathrotia

et al. 2012

Energy

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Recently, the development of viable alternative aviation fuels has attracted much interest, for several reasons, with reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ensuring security of supply at affordable prices among them. In the present work, several alternative aviation fuelsexisting and potential-are investigated by focusing on their heat release: Gas-to-Liquid (GtL: representing a Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK)), a fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF: Coal-to-Liquid (CtL)), and blends of GtL with 20% 1-hexanol or 50% naphthenic cut, respectively. Burning velocities are measured at ambient pressures and at elevated preheat temperatures exploiting the cone angle method; equivalence ratios are between about ϕ = 1.0 and ϕ = 1.4. The measured data are used for the validation of a detailed chemical reaction model consisting of 4642 reactions involving 1075 species developed by Dagaut et al. [22-23] following the concept of a surrogate. The comparison between measured burning velocities and predicted laminar flame speeds shows reasonably good agreement with the model for the range of conditions considered in this study. The main features of the reaction model are also discussed, using sensitivity and rate of production analysis. Finally, the experimental data are compared with results obtained earlier for crude-oil kerosene. The findings support the potential of the investigated fuel mixtures to serve as alternative aviation fuels.

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“…The fuel was vaporized at temperatures up to 600 K and mixed with the preheated nitrogen flow. As shown by Edwards and Atria30 , thermal degradation and cracking of deoxygenated fuel is negligible at temperatures up to 600 K and maximum storage time of 15 min30 . This was confirmed within the present work, as the prepared mixtures for measuring the ignition delay time were stable at least for 30 minutes according to GC analysis.All parts containing pure vaporized fuel or nitrogen were heated to 570 K. The ratio of nitrogen to oxygen flow was set to 79:21 (vol%.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Oxidation of a Coal-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel: Experimental and Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study

et al. 2012

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The kinetics of oxidation of a Coal-to-Liquid (CtL) Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel (FSJF) was studied using three complementary experiments operating over a wide range of conditions: a jet-stirred reactor (p = 10 bar), constant mean residence time of 1 s, over the temperature range 770-1070 K, and for equivalence ratios ϕ = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0; a shock-tube (p ~ 16 bar, temperature range between 900 and 1400 K, ϕ = 0.5 and ϕ = 1), and a conical flame burner (preheat temperature T 0 = 473 K, and for two pressure regimes: p = 1 bar for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.95 to 1.4, and p = 3 bar for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.95 to 1.3). Concentration profiles of reactants, stable intermediates, and final products in the jet-stirred reactor were obtained by probe sampling followed by on-line and off-line gas chromatography analyses and on-line Fourier Transformed Infra-Red spectrometry. Ignition delay times were determined behind reflected shock waves by measuring time-dependent CH* emission at 431 nm. Flame speeds were determined by applying the cone angle method. Comparison with corresponding results for Jet A-1 was performed showing similar combustion properties. The oxidation of the CtL-fuel under these conditions was modeled using a detailed kinetic reaction mechanism consisting of 8217 reactions and 2185 species and a 4-component surrogate fuel mixture (n-decane, iso-octane, n-propylcyclohexane, and npropylbenzene). A reasonable representation of the kinetics of oxidation of this FSJF was obtained. The model showed good agreement with concentration profiles measured in a jetstirred reactor at 10 bar over a range of temperatures (550-1150 K) and equivalence ratios (0.5-2). Good agreement between measured and predicted ignition delay times was found for the investigated fuel air mixtures, with significantly longer ignition delay times predicted. Also, the ignition behavior of the surrogate is mainly influenced by the n-alkane and not by the addition of iso-alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatics. In general, a reasonable agreement between predicted and measured burning velocity data exists, with larger deviations at higher pressure. No deviation is to be seen between burning velocity data for Jet A-1 and CtL, within the uncertainty range. Within the parameter range studied, the measured data of burning 4 velocity and ignition delay time agree with data obtained earlier for petrol-derived kerosene. Our findings support the potential of the CtL/air mixture investigated to serve as an alternative aviation fuel.

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Thermal Stability of High Temperature Fuels

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Solid Deposits from Thermal Stressing of a JP-8 Fuel on Different Tube Surfaces in a Flow Reactor

Analysis of Solid Deposits from Thermal Stressing of a JP-8 Fuel on Different Tube Surfaces in a Flow Reactor

An experimental and modeling study of burning velocities of possible future synthetic jet fuels

Oxidation of a Coal-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel: Experimental and Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study

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