Thermal stability enhancement of guar‐based hydraulic fracturing fluids by phosphate treatment

Abstract

Guar gum (GG), along with its derivatives [e.g., hydroxypropyl guar (HPG)], is an important thickening agent in the hydraulic fracturing fluid system. However, as the oil reservoir gets deeper, GG is unable to tolerate the elevated temperature. In this study, the thermal stability of GG and HPG can be increased up to 95% and 80%, respectively, when phosphates are used as thermal stabilizer. The thermal stability is highest when the usage of phosphate is 1.84 mmol L −1 KH 2 PO 4 for GG and 2.27 mmol L −1 K 2 HPO 4 for HPG and the pH is 6.25-6.90 for GG and 6.25-8.75 for HPG. Furthermore, the heated GG with phosphate treatment demonstrates excellent crosslinking ability, which suggests that phosphate can be a good alternative for current thermal stabilizers and has potential application in the high-temperature formation oil or gas production.

Comparative Evaluation of the Rheological and Proppant Handling Capability of Detarium microcarpum as a Viscosifier in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Design

“…investigated the effects of hydroxyl groups and oxygen atoms on the rheological and electrokinetic features of shear thickening time as a function of chain length and branching of carrier fluid (STF). Carrier fluids included ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,3propanediol, glycerine, poly (propylene glycol) of various molecular weights, and poly(propylene glycol) triol (dispersants) [15][16][17][18]. The solid phase was silica powder with an average particle size of 100nm.…”

Synthesis and performance evaluation of crosslinker for seawater‐based fracturing fluid

“…Borates are the typical non-metallic crosslinkers. 14,15 A composite crosslinker (PB) was prepared by Wang et al 16 by modifying boric acid with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and pentaerythritol, and FT-IR and TGA experiments proved that boric acid was successfully grafted onto the surface of pentaerythritol. The fracturing fluid gel prepared by PB performed better than gel prepared by boric acid in rheological experiments.…”

“…Normally, in order to achieve delayed crosslinking property, organic ligands are used to synthesize complexes with inorganic ions. Borates are the typical non‐metallic crosslinkers 14,15 . A composite crosslinker (PB) was prepared by Wang et al 16 by modifying boric acid with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and pentaerythritol, and FT‐IR and TGA experiments proved that boric acid was successfully grafted onto the surface of pentaerythritol.…”

Preparation and evaluation of acryloyl morpholine modified emulsion fracturing fluid thickener with high temperature resistance and salt resistance

“…The fracturing fluid is critical in creating the designed fracture geometry and controlling the proppants‐carrying efficiency, thus, proper selection of the fracturing fluid is significant in hydraulic fracture treatment 1–4 . Among them, water‐based fracturing fluid is widely used in major oil and gas fields in China due to its high viscosity, low friction, and strong sand suspension capacity 5–8 . Water‐based fracturing fluid is a kind of polymer gel material, which uses crosslinking agent and water‐soluble polymer thickener to make the polymer with linear structure coexisting with network structure.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Among them, water-based fracturing fluid is widely used in major oil and gas fields in China due to its high viscosity, low friction, and strong sand suspension capacity. [5][6][7][8] Water-based fracturing fluid is a kind of polymer gel material, which uses crosslinking agent and watersoluble polymer thickener to make the polymer with linear structure coexisting with network structure. As the main additive of water-based fracturing fluid, thickener can improve the viscosity, sand carrying and filtration loss properties of fracturing fluid, guar gum and its derivatives and polyacrylamide polymers are common thickeners of fracturing fluids.…”