Thermal stability and structural deformation of rutile SnO2 nanoparticles

Toledo-Antonio, J.A.; R, Gutiérrez-Báez; Sebastian, P.J.; Espinoza-Vázquez, Araceli

doi:10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00181-6

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The persistence of water/OH groups associated with metal oxide materials at high temperatures has been noted in other studies. [47][48][49] Loss of water is attributed primarily to physisorbed molecular water until approximately 200 °C and above this temperature range to surface hydroxyl group condensation or chemisorbed water. 47,48 Rutile SnO2 is the thermodynamically stable phase at high temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Deng

Hossenlopp

2004

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Nanocrystalline mixtures of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) oxide powders, potential gas sensor materials, are synthesized via a simple precipitation route using SnCl2 as the precursor. Materials are characterized by powder Xray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ratio of Sn(II)/Sn(IV) in powders precipitated at room temperature, as well as the identity of the primary Sn(II) product (SnO or Sn6O4(OH)4), can be varied by adjusting aging time and washing procedures. The identity of the initial Sn(II) product influences the subsequent phase composition and degree of disorder in the tetragonal SnO2 phase obtained following sintering in air. Analysis of the DRS absorption edge and long-wavelength (Urbach) absorption tail is NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported 49 that the presence of a large amount of the hydroxyl groups in the SnO2 crystals can cause significant crystalline deformation by producing a large amount of Sn vacancy sites. This can also change oxygen positions in the SnO2 rutile structure, which will change the symmetry of the representative tin−oxygen octahedron.…”

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confidence: 99%

Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Deng

Hossenlopp

2004

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…By heating a xerogel precursor, a progressive loss of water is observed. Toledo et al [5] have shown that a large amount of hydroxyl groups are incorporated in the SnO 2 lattice and that these hydroxyls may be retained, by the oxide, up to 1500…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lengths of lattice parameters, a and c, of SnO 2 model are identical to the experimental data. [5] Further atom types were manually assigned and bonds were removed, since this is an ionic system and force field parameters do not exist for covalent bonds between the tin and oxygen atoms, by employing Bond calculation module of the software. Then, the models were subject of energy minimization for finding the equilibrium structure.…”

Section: Realization Of the Sno 2 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These aspects play a key role also with respect to the use of tin oxide for electrochemical applications, i.e. as an anode in Li-ion batteries [5] or as an active matrix hosting precious metals for electrocatalytic processes. [6] In the past 20 years, the control of such aspects of nanostructured oxides has become a subject of strong research with worldwide participation in both industrial and academic laboratories.…”

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Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and preliminary molecular modeling studies of SnO₂ nanoparticles

Ioniță

Branzoi

Popa

2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The aim of this work is to provide reliable and accurate experimental and modeling studies for the design and investigation of tin dioxide nanoparticles. SnO 2 particles were prepared by following a sol-gel preparative route using tin (IV) alkoxide as the starting compound. The xerogels were thermally treated at 300, 500 and 700• C, in different gaseous environments (oxygen, air, He). The powders were characterized for phase composition-crystallinity, specific surface area and surface composition. Computational models of SnO 2 were implemented, total energy of the systems was minimized by using COMPASS force field and further lattice parameters were assessed. The conditions adopted in the preparative route played an important role on the physicochemical properties of SnO 2 nanoparticles. The size of the crystallites was found to increase with the heating temperature and to depend on the gassing atmosphere adopted during the thermal treatment. Computational and experimental lattice parameters are not appreciably affected by the variables of the synthesis and are in good agreement with structural data for the cassiterite lattice. Overall, the agreement between experimental data and simulation results is satisfactory.

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Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and SnO₂/SiO₂ Hybrid Materials by Twin Polymerization Using Tin(IV) Alkoxides

et al. 2013

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Twin polymerization was used to prepare composite materials composed of SnO2 nanoparticles entrapped in a polymer matrix. Novel, well‐defined tin‐containing molecular precursors, so‐called twin monomers, were synthesized by transesterification starting from Sn(OR)4 (R=tBu, tAm) to give Sn(OCH2C4H3O)4 (1), [Sn(OCH2C4H3S)4⋅HOCH2C4H3S]2 (2), [Sn(OCH2‐2‐OCH3C6H4)4⋅HOCH2‐2‐OCH3C6H4]2 (3), [Sn(OCH2‐2,4‐(OCH3)2C6H3)4⋅HOCH2‐2,4‐(OCH3)2C6H3]2 (4), 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxastannine] (5), 2,2′‐spirobi[6‐methylbenzo(4H‐1,3,2)‐dioxastannine] (6), and 2,2′‐spirobi[6‐methoxybenzo(4H‐1,3,2)dioxastannine] (7). 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy in the solid state and in solution as well as IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis were used to characterize the tin alkoxides. The molecular structures of compounds 2 and 3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The moisture sensitivity of the tin(IV) alkoxides was demonstrated by the formation of the tin oxocluster [Sn3(μ3‐O)(μ2‐OH)(μ2‐OCH2C4H3S)3(OCH2C4H3S)6(HOCH2C4H3S)]2 (2 a), a hydrolysis product of compound 2. Polymerization reactions in the melt (for 1 and 5) and in solution (for 2–4) resulted in cross‐linked nanocomposites of the type polymer/SnO2. Subsequent oxidation of the composites gave SnO2 with BET surface areas up to 178 m2 g−1. Simultaneous twin polymerization of compounds 5–7 with the silicon derivative 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] resulted in the formation of polymer/SnO2/SiO2 hybrid materials. Oxidation gave porous materials with SnO2 nanoparticles embedded in a silica network with BET surface areas up to 378 m2 g−1. The silica acts as a crystal growth inhibitor, which prevents sintering of the SnO2 nanoparticles 20–32 nm in size.

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Thermal stability and structural deformation of rutile SnO2 nanoparticles

Cited by 89 publications

References 8 publications

Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and preliminary molecular modeling studies of SnO₂ nanoparticles

Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and SnO₂/SiO₂ Hybrid Materials by Twin Polymerization Using Tin(IV) Alkoxides

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Thermal stability and structural deformation of rutile SnO2 nanoparticles

Cited by 89 publications

References 8 publications

Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Combined X-ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Analysis of Nanocrystalline Mixed Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Oxide Powders

Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and preliminary molecular modeling studies of SnO2 nanoparticles

Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and SnO2/SiO2 Hybrid Materials by Twin Polymerization Using Tin(IV) Alkoxides

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Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and preliminary molecular modeling studies of SnO₂ nanoparticles

Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and SnO₂/SiO₂ Hybrid Materials by Twin Polymerization Using Tin(IV) Alkoxides