“…Cellulose is a fascinating renewable and abundant natural material offering manifold advantages in production cost, physical and chemical properties, and production security (Brahmakumar, Pavithran, & Pillai, 2005;Dumanli et al, 2014b;Iwatake, Nogi, & Yano, 2008;Jacob & Thomas, 2008;Jang, Jeong, Oh, Youn, & Song, 2012;Siro & Plackett, 2010). Recently, cellulose-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), have attracted growing interest for engineering advanced functional materials in many applications, such as structural, optical, biomedical, and energy areas (Cranston & Gray, 2006;Li, Wu, Song, Qing, & Wu, 2015b;Lin & Dufresne, 2014).…”