Thermal stability and evolved gas analysis of rejuvenated reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) bitumen using thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared (TG–FTIR)

Elkashef, Mohamed; Williams, Anna; Cochran, Eric W.

doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6674-9

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Also, Elkashef et al [56] used thermal stability analysis to evaluate the effect of rejuvenating soybean oil on reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Acknowledging the importance of studying thermal stability of rejuvenated binders to assure that eventual loss of rejuvenating additive (typically characterized by low molecular mass) does not modify asphalt performance, they carried out thermogravimetric analysis on the RAP, on the blend made by RAP and the pristine bitumen (PG58-28), and finally, on the mixture formed by RAP, soybean oil (12%) and the pristine bitumen.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Helps In Probing Rejuvenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Bitumen Rejuvenation: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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This review aims to explore the state of the knowledge and the state-of-the-art regarding bitumen rejuvenation. In particular, attention was paid to clear things up about the rejuvenator mechanism of action. Frequently, the terms rejuvenator and flux oil, or oil (i.e., softening agent) are used as if they were synonymous. According to our knowledge, these two terms refer to substances producing different modifications to the aged bitumen: they can decrease the viscosity (softening agents), or, in addition to this, restore the original microstructure (real rejuvenators). In order to deal with the argument in its entirety, the bitumen is investigated in terms of chemical structure and microstructural features. Proper investigating tools are, therefore, needed to distinguish the different mechanisms of action of the various types of bitumen, so attention is focused on recent research and the use of different investigation techniques to distinguish between various additives. Methods based on organic synthesis can also be used to prepare ad-hoc rejuvenating molecules with higher performances. The interplay of chemical interaction, structural changes and overall effect of the additive is then presented in terms of the modern concepts of complex systems, which furnishes valid arguments to suggest X-ray scattering and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry experiments as vanguard and forefront tools to study bitumen. Far from being a standard review, this work represents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art taking into account for the molecular basis at the origin of the observed behavior. Furnishing a novel viewpoint for the study of bitumen based on the concepts of the complex systems in physics, it constitutes a novel approach for the study of these systems.

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Section: Thermal Stability Helps In Probing Rejuvenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TG results of the studied asphalt binders (reprinted from Reference[56] with the permission of Springer Nature).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review on Bitumen Rejuvenation: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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“…Using RAP and/or RAS in asphalt mixes enhanced the rutting resistance of extracted asphalt binders (EABs) due to the stiff binders in RAP and RAS [6,7]. However, increasing the percentages of asphalt binder replacement (ABR) by RAP in asphalt mixes deteriorated the fatigue resistance of EABs [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, Chemical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders Extracted from Field Cores

Deef-Allah

Abdelrahman

2022

Preprint

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Asphalt binders were extracted and recovered from field cores that were collected from different routes. These cores were for asphalt mixes containing virgin asphalt binders (VABs) with different performance grades (PGs) and different asphalt binder (ABR) replacement percentages by reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and/or recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). These mixes had ages between 4 and 14 years during the sampling process, thus the extracted asphalt binders (EABs) were treated as long-term aged binders. Using RAP/RAS in asphalt mixes alters the performance of EABs at intermediate temperatures. Thus, the resistance of EABs to fatigue cracking was explored through rheological testing that included Superpave fatigue cracking parameter (|G*|.sinδ) and the number of load repetitions to failure (Nf). Thermal properties of EABs were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis; different parameters were evaluated from the thermal analysis [e.g., percentage of residue (%R) and onset temperature (Tonset)]. The chemical properties of EABs were examined by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy through evaluating carbonyl (ICO), sulfoxide (ISO), aromatic (ICC), and aliphatic (ICH) indices. The relationships between the resistance of EABs to fatigue cracking, thermal and chemical properties were scrutinized. Ages of mixes, ABR percentage by RAP/RAS, and PGs of VABs controlled the resistance of EABs to fatigue cracking. Direct relationships were observed between |G*|.sinδ and %R, ISO and Nf, ICH and Nf, ICO and %R, and ICC and %R. Inverse relationships were found between Nf and Tonset, Nf and %R, Nf and ICO, Nf and ICC, %R and ISO, and %R and ICH.

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“…TGA was also used to assess the thermal stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene modified binders (Ahmedzade, Tigdemir and Kalyoncuoglu 2007). TGA can also be coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) to study the chemical structure of evolved gases (de Sá et al 2015, Elkashef, Williams andCochran 2017c). TGA-MS was used to assess chemical changes in aged binders heated to a temperature of 900 o C under a flow of argon gas (de Sá et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TGA-MS was used to assess chemical changes in aged binders heated to a temperature of 900 o C under a flow of argon gas (de Sá et al 2015). TGA-FTIR was used to study rejuvenated reclaimed asphalt binders and assess the rate of mass loss of the rejuvenator with heating (Elkashef et al 2017c). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measures the heat flow into and out of a sample relative to a reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and cold flow properties of bio-derived rejuvenators and their impact on the properties of rejuvenated asphalt binders

2019

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Rejuvenators are widely used to improve the properties of asphalt binders particularly low temperature and fatigue cracking behavior. Rejuvenators vary significantly in terms of their physical properties and chemical composition. The nature of the interaction between the rejuvenators and the base asphalt binders is very complex and an extensive study into the chemical and thermal properties of the rejuvenators and how they impact the rheological properties of rejuvenated binders is of paramount importance. In this research, a neat PG58-28 binder is rejuvenated with three different materials produced from soybean oil at a dosage of 6% by total weight of binder. The rheological properties of the control and rejuvenated binders are assessed using performance grades showing a drop in both the critical low and high temperature grades with rejuvenation. The oxidative stability of the rejuvenators as well as the rejuvenated binders is studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crystallization and melting points of the rejuvenators are observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC is also used to examine the glass transition temperatures of the control and rejuvenated binders. The TGA results showed one of the rejuvenators to be susceptible to oxidation which agreed with the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) mass loss results. The glass transition temperature of the rejuvenated binders decreased denoting improved low temperature cracking properties in line with the performance grade results.

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Thermal stability and evolved gas analysis of rejuvenated reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) bitumen using thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared (TG–FTIR)

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

A Review on Bitumen Rejuvenation: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods and Perspectives

A Review on Bitumen Rejuvenation: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods and Perspectives

Thermal, Chemical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders Extracted from Field Cores

Thermal and cold flow properties of bio-derived rejuvenators and their impact on the properties of rejuvenated asphalt binders

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