Thermal-Spike Model of Low LET Radiolysis: Temperature Dependence of Reactions Induced by Radiolysis in Liquid Toluene

Ingalls, R. B.; Spiegler, Peter; Norman, Amos

doi:10.1063/1.1725969

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…acac and .TFA radicals has been reported by Bamford and Ferrar (12). G(H2) = 0.13 i 0.03, which agrees with G(H2) values reported by others (7,24), was independent of irradiation time (dose), [Fe(HFA)3]0 (in the range 110 to 1400 pM at 27 "C) (Fig. 5) and temperature, in the range -95 to 27 "C, within the limits of experimental error (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Chambers¹,

Cherniak²,

Taylor³

et al. 1976

Can. J. Chem.

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In the 120 krad/h, 60Co-γ radiolysis of air-free, anhydrous solutions of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Fe(HFA)3) in toluene at 27 °C, G(—Fe(HFA)3) = G(Fe(HFA)2) = 1.05 ± 0.03 molecules/100 eV and G(HHFA) = 0 where Fe(HFA)2 is radiolytically inert ferrous hexafluoroacetylacetonate and HHFA is hexafluoroacetylacetone. G(H2) = 0.13 ± 0.03 is not affected by Fe(HFA)3 while G(CH4)is reduced from 0.0088 &([a-z]+); 0.0020 to 0.0052 ± 0.0020 and [Formula: see text] is increased from 0.102 ± 0.019 to 0.307 ± 0.026 by Fe(HFA)3. Activation energies for the radiolytic formation of Fe(HFA)2, H2, CH4, and [Formula: see text] in the temperature range −95 to 27 °C, are 670 ± 130, 0, 1200 ± 900, and 1280 ± 25 cal mol−1, respectively.G(—Fe(HFA)3) = 1.05 represents the total yield of radicals scavenged since at the concentrations of solute used in the radiolyses the quantum yield for the disappearance of Fe(HFA)3 by reaction with solvent S1 and/or T1 states, generated by flash photolysis, is negligible [Formula: see text] Radicals trapped by Fe(HFA)3 are••CH3 (G ≈ 0.004) and unknown radicals (G ≈ 0.4) which are capable of combining with [Formula: see text] does not scavenge [Formula: see text] radicals (G ≈ 0.6). The formation of H2 in scavenger inaccessible spurs and CH4 and [Formula: see text] outside spurs has been confirmed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…8). While our activation energy (1280 + 250 cal mol-I) for the formation of +CH2CH2+ in the radiolysis of toluene in the range -95 to 27 "C is in good agreement with 1220 cal mol-l, obtained from the data of Ingalls et al (24) (Fig. 6), our G(+CH2CH2+) values are significantly greater.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Chambers¹,

Cherniak²,

Taylor³

et al. 1976

Can. J. Chem.

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“…The authors consider that the primary products are mainly converted to the final forms by some secondary reactions taking place in the reaction cage of the primary species, which is simulated by the thermal spike model, by virtue of the high energy of the species [21 ]. The probable secondary reactions in the cage are: a) fragmentation of the solvent C 6 H X -> C 6 H X _!…”

Section: Fiij Possible Secondary Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Irradiation Temperature and Irradiation Time on ¹³N-Compounds Produced by Recoil Protons in Benzene and Cyclohexane

Sensui¹,

Tomura²,

Shima³

et al. 1979

Radiochimica Acta

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The chemical state of nitrogen-13 produced by the 13 C(p, n) 13 Ν reaction by recoil protons in benzene and cyclohexane in the condensed phase was studied as a function of irradiation temperature in the range of -55° to +25°C, and of irradiation time from 5 to 20 min. The yields of HC' 3 N and C 6 H X C' 3 N showed remarkable phase dependence in both hydrocarbon media, i. e., the yield of HC 13 Ν increased and that of 13 N-nitrile decreased abruptly with an increase in irradiation temperature at the melting point. 13 N-ammonium and 13 N-amines like ethyl amine were produced in considerably greater amount in cyclohexane than in benzene, with a relatively small temperature dependence. These results suggest that hot 13 Ν forms C 13 Ν and 13 NH radicals as primary species, alongside with the hot insertion of 13 Ν into C-Η bonds. The degree of formation of C 13 N and 13 NH radicals seems to depend on the type of substrates, corresponding to the energies required to form these radicals by abstraction of a carbon or hydrogen atom. The data also suggest that C 13 N and 13 NH radicals undergo characteristic cage reactions depending on the phase.

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“…(4) The thermal spike model also takes into account any alteration in the temperature distribution caused by the passage of charged particles through a medium. Thermal spike model also considers the effect of changes in the local energy density on free radical yield as well as on temperature [95].…”

Section: Latent Tracks In Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Irradiation Effects in some Electro-Active and Engineering Polymers Studies by Conventional and Novel Techniques

Banerjee

Deka

Kumar

et al. 2013

DDF

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The effect of various radiations to a polymer is more complex and intense, compared to that in other materials, in view of the more complex structure and low bonding energies (5 10 eV for covalent bonds of the main carbon chain). Since the energy delivered to the polymer in most irradiations (including even beta and gamma rays of 1 to 10 MeV) exceeds this energy by many orders of magnitude, there is a high risk of radiation damage to all kind of polymers. However, engineering polymers (PC, PMMA, PVC, etc. and newer ones) as well as electro-active and other functional polymers (conducting polymers, polymer electrolytes) are finding ever increasing applications, often as nanocomposites, e.g. chemical and biomedical applications, sensors, actuators, artificial muscles, EMI shielding, antistatic and anticorrosion coatings, solar cells, light emitters, batteries and supercapacitors. Critical applications in spacecrafts, particle accelerators, nuclear plants etc. often involve unavoidable radiation environments. Hence, we need to review radiation damage in polymers and encourage use of newer tools like positron annihilation spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Present review focuses on irradiation effects due to low energy ions (LEIs) and swift heavy ions (SHIs) on electro-active and engineering polymers, since gamma-and electron-beam-irradiations have been more widely studied and reviewed. Radiation damage mechanisms are also of great theoretical interest. Contents

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Thermal-Spike Model of Low LET Radiolysis: Temperature Dependence of Reactions Induced by Radiolysis in Liquid Toluene

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Effects of Irradiation Temperature and Irradiation Time on ¹³N-Compounds Produced by Recoil Protons in Benzene and Cyclohexane

Ion Irradiation Effects in some Electro-Active and Engineering Polymers Studies by Conventional and Novel Techniques

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Thermal-Spike Model of Low LET Radiolysis: Temperature Dependence of Reactions Induced by Radiolysis in Liquid Toluene

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Radiolysis of ferric hexafluoroacetylacetonate–toluene solutions

Effects of Irradiation Temperature and Irradiation Time on 13N-Compounds Produced by Recoil Protons in Benzene and Cyclohexane

Ion Irradiation Effects in some Electro-Active and Engineering Polymers Studies by Conventional and Novel Techniques

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Product

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Effects of Irradiation Temperature and Irradiation Time on ¹³N-Compounds Produced by Recoil Protons in Benzene and Cyclohexane