Thermal Simulation Studies for the Characterization of a Cyclotron Liquid Target with Thick Niobium Target Windows

Carmo, S.J.C. do; Oliveira, Pedro Martins de; Alvès, Francisco

doi:10.3390/app112210922

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although [ 18 O]-H 2 O is most commonly used, any material containing 18 O might be involved in the nuclear transmutation. Still, it has to be pointed out that the interaction of the high energy particle beam with the target material involves a significant increase in temperature of the latter (above 1000 • C) [146], thus ruling out the direct involvement of sophisticated [ 18 O]-labelled organic molecules. This explains why the 18 O isotope is introduced via a water molecule.…”

Section: Introduction To the Radiofluorination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[18F]-Radiolabelled Nanoplatforms: A Critical Review of Their Intrinsic Characteristics, Radiolabelling Methods, and Purification Techniques

Deleuziere,

Benoist,

Quelven

et al. 2024

Molecules

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A wide range of nano-objects is found in many applications of our everyday life. Recognition of their peculiar properties and ease of functionalization has prompted their engineering into multifunctional platforms that are supposed to afford efficient tools for the development of biomedical applications. However, bridging the gap between bench to bedside cannot be expected without a good knowledge of their behaviour in vivo, which can be obtained through non-invasive imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Their radiolabelling with [18F]-fluorine, a technique already well established and widely used routinely for PET imaging, with [18F]-FDG for example, and in preclinical investigation using [18F]-radiolabelled biological macromolecules, has, therefore, been developed. In this context, this review highlights the various nano-objects studied so far, the reasons behind their radiolabelling, and main in vitro and/or in vivo results obtained thereof. Then, the methods developed to introduce the radioelement are presented. Detailed indications on the chemical steps involved are provided, and the stability of the radiolabelling is discussed. Emphasis is then made on the techniques used to purify and analyse the radiolabelled nano-objects, a point that is rarely discussed despite its technical relevance and importance for accurate imaging. The pros and cons of the different methods developed are finally discussed from which future work can develop.

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Section: Introduction To the Radiofluorination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[18F]-Radiolabelled Nanoplatforms: A Critical Review of Their Intrinsic Characteristics, Radiolabelling Methods, and Purification Techniques

Deleuziere,

Benoist,

Quelven

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…For instance, proton currents up to 75 µA are usually used for the production of 61 Cu [2], and currents of up to 90 µA are also successfully used when producing 68 Ga [39]. Our daily experience shows that niobium can successfully be used as a material for target windows in daily, reliable irradiations, as long as the helium cooling system maintains its long-term stability and performance [39,40].…”

Section: Number Of Runs Since Installation Of a Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niobium as Preferential Material for Cyclotron Target Windows

do Carmo,

Alves

2024

Instruments

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The present work promotes and validates the benefits of using niobium instead of Havar® as the material for the target windows in most routine irradiations in cyclotrons. Calculation of the material activation and measurements of the contamination of the transferred target liquids show major improvements with the use of niobium. Also, the data of the daily routine productions at our production center are presented, proving that Havar® is not mandatory unless large target currents and/or pressures are required.

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Improved Production of Novel Radioisotopes with Custom Energy Cyclone® Kiube

do Carmo,

Neves,

Kral

et al. 2024

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The implementation of the Variable Energy (VE) feature in the previously fixed-energy IBA Cyclone® Kiube cyclotron is presented as an upgrade enabling the production of novel radioisotopes with improved radionuclidic purity and production yields. The possibility of easily decreasing the energy of the extracted proton beam, from 18 down to 13 MeV, allows us to avoid the use of degraders and/or thick target windows, thus preventing related beam current limitations. The immediate application of the Variable Energy feature is proven by presenting the improved results obtained for the production of 68Ga from the irradiation of liquid targets simultaneously in terms of radionuclidic purity and activity produced.

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Thermal Simulation Studies for the Characterization of a Cyclotron Liquid Target with Thick Niobium Target Windows

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

[18F]-Radiolabelled Nanoplatforms: A Critical Review of Their Intrinsic Characteristics, Radiolabelling Methods, and Purification Techniques

[18F]-Radiolabelled Nanoplatforms: A Critical Review of Their Intrinsic Characteristics, Radiolabelling Methods, and Purification Techniques

Niobium as Preferential Material for Cyclotron Target Windows

Improved Production of Novel Radioisotopes with Custom Energy Cyclone® Kiube

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