Thermal shock tests to qualify different tungsten grades as plasma facing material

Wirtz, M.; Linke, J.; Loewenhoff, Thorsten; Pintsuk, G.; Uytdenhouwen, I.

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/t167/1/014015

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The cracking in single-track scanning of SLM was also reported in SLM of Al-based metallic glass by Li et al [14]. The cracking in single molten track also matches well with the thermal shock tests of tungsten [19,20].…”

Section: Crack Network In Slm-derived Tungstensupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Similar cracking behavior was also reported by Farid et al [18], who investigated the cracking behavior under long laser pulse load. Wirtz et al [19,20] tested the thermal shock impact of an electron beam on tungsten and further proved that the microstructure would affect the crack distribution and density. In the SLM process, the laser parameters, especially the scanning strategy, have a considerable influence on the final microstructure and thus affect the cracking behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

Wang

et al. 2018

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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In this study, near fully dense (96.5%) pure tungsten bulks were additively manufactured and the cracking behavior was investigated. A crack network with a spacing of * 100 lm was observed in the fabricated bulks. It was observed that the laser scanning strategy, which could tailor the microstructure, affected the crack distribution pattern in fabricated tungsten. The calculated surface temperature difference (7300 K) was much higher than the cracking criterion (800 K) of tungsten, indicating that cracking is almost inevitable in laser additive manufacturing of tungsten. It could be concluded that crack network formed because the cracks emerged in every laser molten track and then interconnected in the layer-by-layer building process.

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Section: Crack Network In Slm-derived Tungstensupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

Wang

et al. 2018

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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“…The early necking deformation therefore occurs resulting in the low uniform elongation. Note that the obtained here data are fully compatible with the results presented for IG1000 (but tested at 300°C and 500°C) in Wirtz et al [34]. These pronounced differences in the uniform elongation of SPS and ITER specification material could be related to the reduced dislocation density (due to high temperature sintering of SPS materials), while differences in grain boundary morphology should also have an impact on the results.…”

Section: 3-tensile Testsupporting

confidence: 90%

Nano-hardness, EBSD analysis and mechanical behavior of ultra-fine grain tungsten for fusion applications as plasma facing material

Tanure

Bakaeva

Lapeire

et al. 2018

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Tungsten and its alloys have been extensively studied in order to be used in plasma facing components for future fusion nuclear reactors such as ITER and DEMO. In this work, an evaluation of nano-hardness, microstructure/texture and mechanical behavior using nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and tensile test was performed. The investigated materials were ultra-fine grain lab-scale tungsten and ITER-specification commercial tungsten products, taken as reference in the as-received and annealed (at 1300°C for 1 hour) conditions. Three ultra-fine grain (UFG) tungsten grades were produced under different spark plasma sintering conditions, namely at 2000°C and 70MPa, at 1700°C and 80MPa and, finally, at 1800°C and 80MPa. EBSD analysis provides very relevant data as it is known that the crystallographic orientation affects some features of the surface damage caused by fusion-relevant plasma exposure. The present results will serve as a reference for future studies that will be carried out using plasma-exposed samples in order to correlate the observed damage with the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior.

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“…Recent efforts to characterise damage from such thermal shock events have focussed on metallic tungsten and its alloys, which are the primary candidate plasma-facing materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Tungsten's advantages are its high thermal conductivity and melting point, however its low temperature brittleness and relatively low fracture toughness mean that it is susceptible to extensive thermal stress-induced crack formation -even after a single pulse [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In multipulse loading, the crack morphology is heavily influenced by microstructure. In rolled tungsten plate, where the grain network is highly textured, the orientation of the long-axes of the grains relative to the thermally exposed surface plays a key role [3][4][5]. When these axes are within the surface, the in-plane mechanical properties are enhanced, leading to a higher power threshold for crack formation [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal shock of tungsten carbide in plasma-facing conditions

Humphry-Baker

Smith

Pintsuk

2019

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Tungsten carbide (WC) has been found to have higher resistance to plasma-induced thermalshock compared to rolled tungsten. The electron beam device JUDITH 1 was used to simulate likely thermal shock conditions induced by edge localised modes and plasma disruptions. Loading conditions of 100-1000 cycles, heat fluxes of 0.19-1.13 GW/m 2 and base temperatures of 400-1000 °C were employed on two candidate WC-based materials: a monolithic WC ceramic, and a WC-FeCr composite. Surprisingly, the monolith outperformed the composite under all conditions. This was unexpected, particularly at low temperature, based on the calculated thermal shock resistance parameters. The result was explained by preferential melting of the metallic FeCr binder. Compared to available data collected under identical conditions on rolled tungsten plate, WC had lower surface roughness from thermal shock damage, particularly when tested at 400 °C. This shows promise for using WC as a plasma facing material; strategies for further improving performance are discussed.

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Thermal shock tests to qualify different tungsten grades as plasma facing material

Cited by 70 publications

References 9 publications

Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

Nano-hardness, EBSD analysis and mechanical behavior of ultra-fine grain tungsten for fusion applications as plasma facing material

Thermal shock of tungsten carbide in plasma-facing conditions

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