Thermal shock behaviour of various first-wall materials under simulation load tests by laser beam irradiation

Benz, A.; Nickel, H.; Naoumidis, A.; Menzel, S.; Wetzig, K.; Rossek, U.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)91043-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Impinging energy densities between 0.2 and 20 MJ/m 2 with pulse lengths ranging from 0.1 to 20 ms were realized. 124,125) Presently, these tests are performed at NRG in Petten (the Nederland), where the laser can also be operated inside a hot cell.…”

Section: Thermal Shock Tests In High Power Laser Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

ITER Relevant High Heat Flux Testing on Plasma Facing Surfaces

2005

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The current ITER design employs beryllium, carbon fiber reinforced composite and tungsten as plasma facing materials. Since these materials are exposed to high heat fluxes during the operation, it is essential to perform high heat flux tests for R&D of ITER components. Static heat loads corresponding to cycling loads during normal operation, are estimated to be up to 20 MW/m 2 in the divertor targets and around 0.5 MW/m 2 at the first wall in ITER. For the static high heat flux testing, tests in electron beam facilities, particle beam facilities, IR heater and in-pile tests have been performed. Another type, more critical heat loads, which have high power densities and short durations, corresponding to transient events, i.e. plasma disruption, vertical displacement events (VDEs) and edge localized modes (ELMs) deliver considerable heat flux onto the plasma facing materials. For this purpose, tests in electron beam (short pulses), plasma gun and high power laser facilities have been carried out. The present work summarizes the features of these facilities and recent experimental results as well as the current selection of ITER plasma facing components.

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Section: Thermal Shock Tests In High Power Laser Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

ITER Relevant High Heat Flux Testing on Plasma Facing Surfaces

2005

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] Also fluidized beds with ambient air were used for this purpose. 25 Severe upquenching was achieved using burners, [26][27][28][29] molten metal, [30][31][32] lasers [33][34][35] and film heaters. 36 For this purpose also electrical induction, 37 resistance 38 and discharge 39 have been used on refractories containing carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by (microscopic) examination of the crack pattern, 18,28,31,[33][34][35]45 recording the number of test cycles or the quenching temperature difference to reach material failure, 1,2,32 by determination of the residual mechanical properties 1, [3][4][5][8][9][10]25,[36][37][38][39]42 and of the weight loss after layer-wise spalling. 43 Other characterization techniques rely on the measurement of acoustic emission during thermal shock 11,22,24,26,44,46,47 and the determination of the change in sound velocity, 40,48,49 attenuation 48 and resonance frequency 6,16,20,29 due to thermal shock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%