“…Therefore, analysis of weight changes ( Figure 6) and microscopic images (Figure 7) showed that the failure of the three nanostructured coatings was in a similar mode, occurring as spallation of the top coat, near and parallel to the top coat/bond coat interface. Research shows that after thermal shock tests, four types of cracks were formed in the TBCs, namely, vertical cracks, horizontal cracks, propagating cracks, and penetrating cracks [23]. In penetrating cracks, vertical cracks penetrate the bond coat to the substrate surface.…”