The electron-rich squarate ion (C4O4
2–, SA
2–) possesses electronic
delocalization over the entire molecule and good redox activity, and
the functionalization of metal–organic complexes with the SA
2– group is desirable. In this work, a
mixed-ligand method is used to construct novel uranyl squarate coordination
polymers utilizing 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide (bpydo), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,4′-vinylenedipyridine
(vidpy), and in situ formed oxalate (OA
2–) as ancillary ligands. Seven mixed-ligand uranyl
compounds, [(UO2)(OH)(SA)](Hbpy) (1), [(UO2)(H2O)(SA)2](H2
bpy) (2), (UO2)(H2O)(SA)(bpydo)·2H2O (3), (UO2)(H2O)(SA)(phen)·H2O (4), (UO2)(OH)(SA)0.5(phen)·H2O (5), [(UO2)(SA)(OA)0.5](Hphen) (6), and [(UO2)(SA)(OA)0.5](Hvidpy) (7), with varying crystal structures
were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1, together with bpy molecules filling in the interlayer
space as template agents, has a two-dimensional (2D) network structure,
while 2 gives a one-dimensional (1D) chain based on mononuclear
uranium units. Compound 3 shows a neutral 2D network
through the combined linkage of SA
2– and bpydo. Both 4 and 5 have
a similar chain-like structure due to the capping effect of phen motifs, while phen molecules in 6 act as templating agents after protonation. Similar to 6, compound 7 has a “sandwich-like” structure
in which the Hvidpy motifs locate in the voids of layers
of 2D uranyl-squarate networks. The redox properties of typical mixed-ligand
uranyl-squarate compounds, 1, 4, and 5 with high phase purity, are characterized using cyclic voltammetry.
All three of these uranyl coordination compounds show anode peaks
(E
a) at 0.777, 0.804, and 0.760 V, respectively,
which correspond to the oxidation process of SA
2– → SA. Meanwhile, cathodic peaks (E
c) at −0.328, −0.315, and −0.323
V corresponding to the reduction process of U(VI) → U(V) are
also observed. The results reveal that all three of these uranyl coordination
compounds show good redox activity and, most importantly, the interplay
between two different redox-active motifs of SA
2– organic linker and uranyl node. This work enriches the library of
redox-active uranyl compounds and provides a feasible mixed-ligand
method for regulating the synthesis of functional actinide compounds.