Thermal response, oxidation and ablation of ultra–high temperature ceramics, C/SiC, C/C, graphite and graphite–ceramics

Single-source-precursor synthesis and air-plasma ablation behavior of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C/SiC ceramic nanocomposites at 2200 °C

“…The different ablation curves mean the different thermal response to the same heat flux. Zhang et al [43] reported that thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, catalytic efficiency, emissivity and oxidation characteristics play an important role in the thermal response of the samples. The thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity is essential to the rising rate of surface temperature and temperature gradient during primary stage.…”

Propulsion tests on ultra-high-temperature ceramic matrix composites for reusable rocket nozzles

“…techniques used for conventional CMCs and requiring the use of expensive fiber coatings. PIP-based materials have an excellent damage tolerance [20][21][22][23] and enhanced properties but lower high temperature resistance (above 1600 °C) due to high content of SiC-based phases [22,[24][25][26]. Chemical vapour infiltration composites have the highest mechanical properties [22,24,25,[27][28][29]], but processing is quite time-consuming because they require the use of gaseous precursors of C and SiC as raw materials [30][31][32].…”

The superior synergistic oxidation resistance of medium-entropy carbide ceramic powders rather than multi-phase carbide ceramic powders

“…Among these UHTCs, HfC and ZrC showed high melting points (HfC: ~3890 °C; ZrC: ~3540 °C) and good high-temperature stability, and their oxidation products also had high melting points (HfO2: 2810℃ and ZrO2: 2670℃), both ensuring the usage of HfC/ZrC in ultra-high-temperature and oxygen-containing environments (above 2000 ℃) [5,6]. The monocarbides HfC/ZrC are preferred choices for surface coating and modified components to improve the oxidation, corrosion and heat shock resistance of the substrates over a wide temperature [7], including graphite [8,9], C/SiC [10,11], C/C composites [12][13][14][15]. However, the volume change from t-Hf/ZrO2 (hightemperature phase) to m-Hf/ZrO2 (room-temperature phase) during the oxidation J u s t A c c e p t e d 4 cooling process damaged the integrity of the oxide films.…”