A summary
of the investigation and applications of the inverse
electron demand Diels–Alder reaction is provided that have
been conducted in our laboratory over a period that now spans more
than 35 years. The work, which continues to provide solutions to complex
synthetic challenges, is presented in the context of more than 70
natural product total syntheses in which the reactions served as a
key strategic step in the approach. The studies include the development
and use of the cycloaddition reactions of heterocyclic azadienes (1,2,4,5-tetrazines;
1,2,4-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,3-triazines; 1,2-diazines; and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles),
1-aza-1,3-butadienes, α-pyrones, and cyclopropenone ketals.
Their applications illustrate the power of the methodology, often
provided concise and nonobvious total syntheses of the targeted natural
products, typically were extended to the synthesis of analogues that
contain deep-seated structural changes in more comprehensive studies
to explore or optimize their biological properties, and highlight
a wealth of opportunities not yet tapped.