Thermal radiation from large pool fires

McGrattan, Kevin B.; Baum, Howard R.; Hamins, Anthony P.

doi:10.6028/nist.ir.6546

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As for the point source model, the solid flame model has been mainly used to study the thermal radiation of pool fires and jet fires [13,17,18]. The main difficulty of this approach is the determination of the emissivity and flame temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of forest litters under slope conditions: Burning rate, heat release rate, convective and radiant fractions for different loads

Tihay¹,

Morandini²,

Santoni³

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of forest litters under slope conditions: Burning rate, heat release rate, convective and radiant fractions for different loads

Tihay¹,

Morandini²,

Santoni³

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Gasoline and diesel, which together constitute a large portion of overall truck-transported fuel, produce a large amount of soot and smoke during their combustion and develop a vertical fire structure with two zones: the luminous zone (i.e. unobscured flame region) and the smoke-obscured upper region (McGrattan et al 2000). The two-zone characteristic of pool fires involving high-soot yielding fuels has been well established in several recent experimental studies (Munoz et al 2007).Each surface i is assigned an emissive power, E i (kW/m 2 ) based on its location in either the luminous zone or the smoke zone.…”

Section: Methodology: a Streamlined Simplified Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For pool fire footprints with an approximate aspect ratio (long edge to short edge) greater than two, the D f,eff is calculated using a limited area with dimensions of the short edge length by two times the short edge length from the full footprint. D f,eff for areas with aspect ratios greater than 2.5 may lead to inaccuracy when using the circle-based semi-empirical equations (McGrattan et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodology: a Streamlined Simplified Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the effects of a tanker truck fire on a cable-stayed bridge

Quiel¹,

Yokoyama²,

Mueller³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Performance-Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering (PLSE 2015)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fire represents one of the most severe threats to the integrity of our built infrastructure. This study focuses on the effects of open-air hydrocarbon pool fires that may result from a tanker truck crash or sabotage since the quantity and flammability of its contents poses one of the worst-case hazards to a nearby bridge. In general, the calculation of a bridge's response to a vehicle-based fire hazard consists of four steps:(1) calculate the fire's characteristics and geometry; (2) calculate the heat transfer from the fire to the structural elements via radiation heat flux; (3) calculate the temperature increase of the structural elements; and (4) calculate the resulting material and mechanical response of the structural elements. The authors have developed a streamlined framework for efficient calculation of these steps which synthesizes numerous models based on both first principles and empirical data to quantify the extent of damage caused by a specified fire threat. Due to its efficiency, this approach can be used to calculate the effects of a range of fire types, sizes, and locations to develop an envelope of performance for which the risk of damage and the effectiveness of potential fire protection measures can be evaluated. The methodology is used to demonstrate the design process for determining fire protection on a cable-stayed bridge. This design example shows that explicitly modeling the fire, rather than using the UL 1709 fire curve, better quantifies the extent of fire effects and potentially reduces the required fire protection based on the available capacity. KEYWORDSCable-stayed bridge, hydrocarbon fire, fire protection.

show abstract

“…In order to overcome the lack of reliable information on pool-fire flame modeling, several authors undertook experimental investigations from laboratory to field scale fires of different mostly hydrocarbon fuels. Although not being complete, the works of Mudan [29], Shokri and Beyler [30], Babrauskas [31], McGrattan et al [32] and Muñoz et al [33], are especially mentioned since they proposed experimentally-based analytical expressions to predict the amount of radiation heat fluxes (i) emitted by flame surface (q re ) and (ii) hit objects located in its surroundings (q ri ). Moreover, Welker and Sliepcevich [34], Thomas [35], Steward [36], American Gas Association [37], Moorhouse [38], Heskestad [39] and Raj [40] suggested semiempirical geometric formulations to describe the flame geometry to be used in fire safety design.…”

Section: Available Pool-fire Semi-empirical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%