Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide–amine system

Lee, Hong-Lin; Chen, George C.; Rowell, Roger M.

doi:10.1002/app.13408

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thermal degradation of lignocellulosic materials begins with an early decomposition of hemicelluloses, followed by an early stage of pyrolysis of lignin, depolymerization of cellulose, active flaming combustion and char oxidation (Lee et al 2004). The TGA curves of the EFB fibers before and after treatments are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process

Jonoobi

Khazaeian

Tahir³

et al. 2011

Cellulose

209

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In the present study, chemical-physical properties of nanofibers isolated from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) were analyzed by microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray diffraction methods. The isolation was achieved using chemo-mechanical processes. Microscopy study showed that the diameters of the nanofibers isolated from the EFB ranged from 5 to 40 nm while those of the nanofibers isolated from rubberwood had a wider range (10-90 nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study demonstrated that almost all the lignin and most of the hemicellulose were removed during the chemical treatments. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity of the studied nanofibers increased after the chemo-mechanical isolation process. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the nanofibers isolated from both sources had higher thermal stability than those of the bleached pulp and untreated fibers.

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Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process

Jonoobi

Khazaeian

Tahir³

et al. 2011

Cellulose

209

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“…( Lee et al 2004) showed that phosphoramides, when bonded to cellulose, increase the char yield and lower the weight loss rates in comparison to phosphorus pentoxide and amine treated wood used as comparisons.…”

Section: Phosphorus/nitrogen Synergismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

2013

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Wood is one of the most sustainable, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally benign materials. Not only is wood often an integral part of structures, it is also the main source of furnishings found in homes, schools, and offices around the world. The often inevitable hazards of fire make wood a very desirable material for further investigation. As well as ignition resistance and a low heat release rate, timber products have long been required to resist burnthrough and maintain structural integrity whilst continuing to provide protection when exposed to fire or heat. Various industry standard tests are thus required to ensure adequate protection from fire is provided. When heated, wood undergoes thermal degradation and combustion to produce gases, vapours, tars and char. In order to understand and alter the fire behaviour of wood, it is necessary to know in as much detail as possible about its processes of decomposition. Various thermal analysis and flammability assessment techniques are utilised for this purpose, including thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry and the single burning item test. The results of such tests are often highly dependent on various parameters including changes to the gas composition, temperature, heating rate, and sample shape size. Potential approaches for fire retarding timber are reviewed, identifying two main approaches: char formation and isolating layers. Other potential approaches are recognised, including the use of inorganic minerals, such as sericrite, and metal foils in combination with intumescent products. Formulations containing silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus have been reported, and efforts to retain silicon in the wood have been successful using micro-layers of silicon dioxide. Nano-scale fire retardants, such as nanocomposite coatings, are considered to provide a new generation of fire retardants, and may have potential for wood. Expandable graphite is identified for use in polymers and has potential for wood provided coating applications are preferred.

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“…Generally, the degradation of wood is caused by light irradiation or by heat treatment [17,21,22]. Thermal degradation of wood is highly dependent on its constituents [17,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood biomass characterization by DSC or FT-IR spectroscopy

Bryś

Ostrowska–Ligęza

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The wood biomass obtained from four tree species: spruce, beech, willow and alder was studied. Sawdust obtained by sawing of wood was dried in a convective dryer at 80°C, without drying-agent flow. The measurements taken with oven-drying method covered determination of initial moisture and its detailed changes during entire drying process. Both DSC curves and spectral data from infrared spectra registered in the classic MIR range were also used to monitor change in water content in studied samples within entire drying process. Results obtained suggest that the DSC curves can be efficiently used as a discriminant to distinguish dry and wet biomass samples, as significant differences within courses of specific DSC curves of woody biomass before and after drying process occurred. Calorimetrically measured values of enthalpy of evaporation of water and water content in studied biomass samples were directly proportional to high determination coefficient, i.e. 0.9653. Statistical analysis proved quantitative directly proportional correlation between content of water measured with oven-drying method and IR spectral data of studied samples.

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Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide–amine system

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process

Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

Wood biomass characterization by DSC or FT-IR spectroscopy

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