Thermal properties and flammability of polylactide nanocomposites with aluminum trihydrate and organoclay

Cheng, Kuo‐Chung; Yu, Cheng‐Hsien; Guo, Wenjeng; Wang, Sea-Fue; Chuang, Tsu-Hwang; Lin, Yan-Huei

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.065

Cited by 73 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…31 In this study, cone calorimetry was applied to investigate the effect of LaHP and CeHP content on the flammability of FR-PLA composites, and the corresponding data are listed in Table 5. Figure 8 presents the HRR curves of PLA and FR-PLA composites.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Hypophosphite Salts on the Fire Performance of Biobased Polylactide Composites

Tang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this work, two kinds of rare earth hypophosphites (REHP), lanthanum hypophosphite (LaHP) and cerium hypophosphite (CeHP), were synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, LaHP and CeHP were added into polylactide to improve its flame retardant properties. Thermal gravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of REHP and flame retardant polylactide composites (FR-PLA). The fire performance evaluated by microscale combustion calorimetry and cone calorimeter clearly demonstrated that the addition of LaHP and CeHP resulted in significant reduction of the heat release rate, low total heat release, and compact intumescent char layer. Thermogravimetric analysis− infrared spectrometry testing indicated that the addition of REHP significantly decreased the yields of pyrolysis products. Furthermore, the crystallization behaviors of FR-PLA composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The char residue of FR-PLA composites after cone calorimeter testing were also be investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ■ INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the increasing awareness of petroleum source and the environmental problems caused by persistent plastic wastes has impelled people to develop new ecofriendly and renewable materials to replace petroleum-based plastics. 1−3 Among these materials, polylactide (PLA) has received considerable attention because of its biodegradable, abundant renewable source, transparency and excellent mechanical properties. PLA holds tremendous promise in many fields, such as biomedical, household, engineering, packing industries, and so on. 4−8 However, like many other plastics, PLA presents poor flammability (typical limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 19.5 vol %, easily dripping in burning) in fire testing, which restricts its further development in some important fields. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate flame-retarded PLA.It is well-known that intumescent flame retardant (IFR) shows good performance in some polymers as a halogen-free additive due to the advantage of little smoke production and low toxicity. 9 Reti et al. 10 studied the efficiency of different intumescent formulations to flame retard PLA, and the quantity of the additives has been optimized. Feng and Zhan et al. have researched different intumescent flame retardant systems for preparation of FR-PLA composites that showed good performance in the testing. 10−12 Other flame retardant additives, such as expanded graphite, 13 aluminum hydroxide, 14 and silica gel 15 have also been reported.Recently, aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) has been used as a flame retardant that has achieved effective flame retardance in polymer materials. Yang et al. found aluminum hypophosphite showed perfect flame retardancy in PET and PBT composites; 16,17 20 wt % of AHP could make glass-fiber/PBT composite reach an UL-94 V0 rating with a LOI value of 29 vol %, and 10 wt % of AHP could make glass-fiber/PET comp...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Hypophosphite Salts on the Fire Performance of Biobased Polylactide Composites

Tang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…By the use of two or more FR additives, combination advantages could be obtained when each component participates in different, non-competing flame retardant modes (e.g., condensed phase charring together with vapor phase flame inhibition [86]). Cheng et al [87] prepared biodegradable PLA nanocomposites with ATH and organo-modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B, C30B) via direct meltcompounding using a twin-screw microextruder. The highest UL 94 V-0 rating and LOI value were achieved when 45 wt% ATH and 5 wt% C30B were combined.…”

Section: Poly(lactic Acid) Composites Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retarded poly(lactic acid): A review

Chow

Teoh

Karger‐Kocsis

2018

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…43 Heat release rate (HRR) curves for EP and its composites are shown in Figure 6 and some important parameters obtained from cone calorimetry are listed in Table 2 With the incorporation of inorganic additives, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), total smoke release (TSR) and maximum average heat rate emission (MAHRE) values are shifted to lower values except that the THR value of EP/m-SiO2 increases. This phenomenon is attributed to the prolonged burning time as can be seen from the broad peak width in the pHRR curve and the formation of the combustible fragment from the catalytic degradation effect of m-SiO2.…”

Section: Fire Properties Of Ep and Its Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica@Co–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Spheres: Layer-by-Layer Method and Their Effects on the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins

Jiang

Bai

Tang

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

149

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Hierarchical mesoporous silica@Co–Al layered double hydroxide (m-SiO2@Co–Al LDH) spheres were prepared through a layer-by-layer assembly process, in order to integrate their excellent physical and chemical functionalities. TEM results depicted that, due to the electrostatic potential difference between m-SiO2 and Co–Al LDH, the synthetic m-SiO2@Co–Al LDH hybrids exhibited that m-SiO2 spheres were packaged by the Co–Al LDH nanosheets. Subsequently, the m-SiO2@Co–Al LDH spheres were incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to prepare specimens for investigation of their flame-retardant performance. Cone results indicated that m-SiO2@Co–Al LDH incorporated obviously improved fire retardant of EP. A plausible mechanism of fire retardant was hypothesized based on the analyses of thermal conductivity, char residues, and pyrolysis fragments. Labyrinth effect of m-SiO2 and formation of graphitized carbon char catalyzed by Co–Al LDH play pivotal roles in the flame retardance enhancement.

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Thermal properties and flammability of polylactide nanocomposites with aluminum trihydrate and organoclay

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Rare Earth Hypophosphite Salts on the Fire Performance of Biobased Polylactide Composites

Effect of Rare Earth Hypophosphite Salts on the Fire Performance of Biobased Polylactide Composites

Flame retarded poly(lactic acid): A review

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica@Co–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Spheres: Layer-by-Layer Method and Their Effects on the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins

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