“…The building sector is responsible for more than one-third of the global total energy consumption and about 40% of CO 2 emissions [1], and various technologies, such as solar facades [2][3][4], climate-adaptive building shells [5], and algae façades [6,7], have been applied to reduce the energy demand and carbon footprint of buildings. The algae façade as a green façade system, as a recently-emerged technology, has received significant attention in the field of high-performance buildings [8], and integrating microalgae culture systems into buildings is believed to offer advantages such as a reduced ecological footprint [8][9][10], bio-fuel production [11][12][13][14][15][16], decreased energy consumption in both building and bioreactor [6,17,18], adaptable shading [19,20], acoustical insulation, and economic and environmental viability [8,9].…”