Thermal paper as a potential source of bisphenol A for humans and the environment: migration and ecotoxicological impact

Nasello, Soledad; Beiguel, Érica; Fitó-Friedrichs, Gretel; Irala, Carmen; Berenstein, Giselle Anahí; Basack, Silvana; Montserrat, Javier M.

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19561-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The polymers have a wide range of applications in day-to-day life, for instance in food containers and drinking bottles, internal protective coatings of food cans, water pipes or their inner linings, paints, casings of electronics, automobiles, or medical and sports equipment, as well as in less tangible utilization in thermal papers or flame retardants [1,2,4]. The global demand for BPA in 2015 amounted to 7.7 million metric tonnes and was predicted to surpass 10 million tonnes by 2022 [5,6]. Bisphenol A is, therefore, considered a high production volume chemical and generally one of the most produced chemicals worldwide [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regrettable substitution? Comparative study of the effect profile of bisphenol A and eleven analogues in an in vitro test battery

Reininger,

Oehlmann

2024

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is currently one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the production of a wide range of plastics. Due to its diverse endocrine disrupting potential alternative bisphenols, also referred to as analogues, have been developed. Although the toxicity of BPA is well studied, the (eco)toxicological effects of the bisphenol analogues are largely unknown. The similar molecular structure of the analogues suggests comparable toxicological effects. This study aims to extend the (eco)toxicological knowledge on the bisphenol analogues by evaluating eleven bisphenol analogues compared to the reference substance BPA in in vitro bioassays. The examined endpoints are endocrine potential on three nuclear receptors in recombinant yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baseline toxicity (also referred to as non-specific toxicity, describing the minimal toxicity of a chemical) in the luminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, and mutagenicity in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Results Bisphenol A showed estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity at EC50 concentrations of 0.516 mg/L (2.26 × 10–6 M) and 1.06 mg/L (4.63 × 10–6 M), respectively. The assays confirmed notable estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity for the vast majority of analogues in comparable, and often higher, efficacies to BPA. Some analogues showed anti-estrogenic instead of estrogenic activity in a range from 0.789 mg/L (1.45 × 10–6 M; TBBPA) to 2.69 mg/L (2.46 × 10–6 M; BADGE). The baseline toxicity of the analogues revealed a similar tendency of comparable to more prominent effects compared to BPA, ranging from 5.81 mg/L (1.73 × 10–5 M; BPAF) to 39.1 mg/L (1.56 × 10–4 M; BPS). There was no evidence of mutagenicity found. Conclusion The examined bisphenol analogues prove to be equally, if not more, problematic in endocrine activities than the reference bisphenol A. Based on these results, the tested bisphenols cannot be regarded as safer alternatives and reinforce the notion of bisphenol analogues being considered as regrettable substitutions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regrettable substitution? Comparative study of the effect profile of bisphenol A and eleven analogues in an in vitro test battery

Reininger,

Oehlmann

2024

Environ Sci Eur

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“…BPA is a known environmental pollutant and endocrine disrupting chemical, and as such is found in the environment in concentrations that cannot be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. They have negative effects on the environment and wildlife and often impact human health and well-being [4,5]; therefore, the use of bisphenol A is limited in many countries. At the moment, for the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are proposed as safe 2 of 11 alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market

Krivohlavek

Mikulec

Budeč

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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BPA is a plasticizer for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and is widely used in the production of household goods, including food packaging. Free BPA is known to migrate from packaging to food, and its uptake has been associated with adverse health effect, particularly the disruption of endocrine activity. The presence and migration of BPA from plastic consumer products are subject to strict regulation in the EU. The aim of this study is to analyse the migration of BPA from different packaging items and household products sold on the Croatian market. To simulate real life exposure, we treated samples with a food simulant. The analytical performance was confirmed with the EU requirements. BPA levels were assessed in 61 samples by HPLC-FLD and the LOQ of the method was 0.005 mg kg−1 for the food simulant. These results showed that the levels of BPA that migrated to the food simulant were below LOQ and in accordance with the specific migration limit into food, which was defined as 0.05 mg kg−1 for all samples. None of the analysed products presented a health hazard. However, these regulations do not refer to products intended for children’s use, in which BPA is banned. Furthermore, regulations require testing before putting products on the market, and previous research shows that possible BPA migration occurs due to various uses, along with a cumulative effect of exposure from even very small concentrations. Therefore, for accurate BPA consumer exposure evaluation and possible health risks, a comprehensive approach is needed.

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“…It is often utilized as a precursor in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins , an antioxidant or stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (Yamamoto & Yasuhara, 1999), and an additive in adhesives or coating composites for paper products (Xu et al, 2011). BPA has been utilized in numerous products, such as reusable plastic water bottles (Lu et al, 2013), baby bottles (Tokula et al, 2023;Zuo et al, 2015), toys (Moreno-Gómez-Toledano et al, 2021), food and beverage containers (Hugo et al, 2008;Lestido-Cardama et al, 2022), PVC water pipes (Zeng et al (2006), plastic water storage tanks (Rochester & Bolden, 2015), dental sealants (Rancière et al, 2015), and thermal receipts (Nasello et al, 2022;Rochester, 2013). The worldwide BPA market has grown, and by 2023, 7.3 million tonnes of BPA are expected to be produced annually, with an approximate growth rate of 3% yearly from 2017 to 2023 (Kwon, 2022;Wang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, persistence, and ecological risk of bisphenol A in surface water receiving raw leachate from a municipal solid waste open dump in Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka

Matharage,

Jayaweera,

Bandara

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is an anthropogenic chemical compound utilized to manufacture a wide range of consumer products, such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), food packages, and thermal papers. Because of its extensive worldwide use, BPA is pervasive in the environment, negatively affecting aquatic life. Therefore, we studied the occurrence, persistence, and ecological risk of BPA in surface water receiving raw leachate from a municipal solid waste (MSW) open dump in Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka. Our findings corroborate that the BPA average concentrations in the canal network were 0.4–42.6 µg/L during the wet season and 0.2–4.9 µg/L during the dry season. The levels of BPA at 11 locations (out of 16) during both seasons differed significantly from the upstream sample, where there was no impact from the dump site (p < 0.05), indicating the ubiquitous occurrence and persistence of BPA in the canal network. BPA levels in the waterbodies are greater in the wet period than in the dry period because of the continuous ingress of run‐off‐driven leachate to the canal network. Our study infers that pH and salinity correlate positively with BPA, while temperature, DO, and TSS are negatively correlated with BPA. BPA levels in five locations during the wet season and one during the dry season surpassed the tolerable level of BPA stipulated by the Canadian Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines to safeguard aquatic life, which is 3.5 µg/L. The findings of the acute ecological risk assessment articulate that during the wet season, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and orange chromide (Etroplus maculatus) constitute a high acute risk, while they pose a medium acute risk during the dry season. Our study suggests that the relevant authorities must prevent the ingress of runoff rich with BPA onto the canal network to protect aquatic life.

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Thermal paper as a potential source of bisphenol A for humans and the environment: migration and ecotoxicological impact

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Regrettable substitution? Comparative study of the effect profile of bisphenol A and eleven analogues in an in vitro test battery

Regrettable substitution? Comparative study of the effect profile of bisphenol A and eleven analogues in an in vitro test battery

Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market

Occurrence, persistence, and ecological risk of bisphenol A in surface water receiving raw leachate from a municipal solid waste open dump in Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka

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