Thermal operating window for PEDOT:PSS films and its related thermoelectric properties

Stepien, Lukas; Roch, Aljoscha; Tkachov, Roman; Leupolt, Beate; Han, Li; Ngo, Nong Van; Leyens, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.11.017

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Even where a film was prepared with the best PEDOT/PSS combination, the question of long-term sustainability of their electrical properties still remained. Following the frequent reports on the gradual denaturation of the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films, [4][5][6]14,15,25,26] we designed a study to analyze the causes of the degradation and to find ways to recover the denatured characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films. The four types of PEDOT:PSS-based films were fabricated following PEDOT:PSS solutions: PE from pristine PEDOT:PSS solution, PEDM from DMSO co-solvent (5 wt%) mixed solution, PEGL from glycerol co-solvent (5 wt%) mixed solution, and MWPE from multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mixed solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] In practice, it has been reported several times that the deterioration of the PEDOT:PSS electrode performance occurs with morphological change and with chemical oxidation over time. [4][5][6]14,15] However, though a few investigations have been conducted on the thermoelectric stability of PEDOT:PSS films, the air-exposure time dependence of PEDOT:PSS-based thermoelectric films is still yet to be extensively studied. [16,17] Considering that the conformational behaviors of PEDOT and PSS upon air-exposure could determine the material properties of PEDOT:PSS-based films, an in situ study of the effect of air-exposure on the conformational change of PEDOT and PSS in the films is required to explore the feasibility of applying PEDOT:PSS-based films in long-term usable electronic and energy devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In‐Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Air Degradation of PEDOT:PSS in Terms of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties

Yun

Jung

Sung

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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In recent decades, a conducting polymer film: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been employed as an essential component of flexible electronics used in practical products, owing to obvious advantages of its electrical and mechanical properties. Generally, the PEDOT:PSS shows an high electrical conductivity (>1000 S cm −1), deep work function (>5.0 eV), and good compatibility with other materials such as organic dopants, carbon nanomaterials, and inorganic nanowires, which has opened limitless possibilities for electronic application such as electrodes, charge transport layers, and thermoelectric active materials. [1-8] Some organic dopants include polar solvent additives such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol that contribute to a decrease in the Coulomb interactions between PEDOT and PSS chains and changed molecular arrangement of the PEDOT and PSS chains. [9] In addition, some non-ionic polymer surfactants have also been utilized to increase electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films by forming interconnected PEDOT networks in the PEDOT:PSS films. [10] Despite excellent electrical and mechanical properties, practical application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) face the challenge of ensuring air stability in electronic industry. Here, degradation mechanism of PEDOT:PSS-based films in air is clearly demonstrated through X-ray/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/ UPS) and its depth-profiling technique. As the duration of air-exposure increases, the PEDOT:PSS-based films alter molecular structures with the formation of SO x bond in PEDOT and CN x bond growth, changing ratios of insulating part (PSS − , PSSH, oxidized PEDOT) to conducting part and deteriorating their electrical conductivities. These transition behaviors are similar in all PEDOT:PSS-based films regardless of additives such as dopant or multi-walled carbon nanotube. Additionally, methanol treatment to various PEDOT:PSS-based films for inducing conformational change between PEDOT and PSS molecules, partly restore the electrical properties of the denatured PEDOT:PSS films. Finally, thermoelectric properties of the PEDOT:PSS-based films are characterized by investigating the effects of air-aging and methanol treatment on electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients, and power factors. To sum up, this study provides a useful guideline for establishing a strategy to ensure air stability of PEDOT:PSS-based films by clarifying the degradation mechanism and property recovery methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

In‐Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Air Degradation of PEDOT:PSS in Terms of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties

Yun

Jung

Sung

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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“…For PEDOT:PSS, however, the changes in conductivity as a function of the temperature, the thermal conductivity, and the thermal stability are highly dependent on both the chemical composition and the morphology of the film. For example, Stepien et al showed that neat films of PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH1000) gave a maximum conductivity after annealing the films at around 160 °C (in air) or 200 °C (in nitrogen) before rapidly degrading at higher temperatures . When treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), however, the conductivity immediately decreased when the samples were annealed above room temperature, both in air or under nitrogen.…”

Section: Pedot and Pedot:pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well‐known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility—a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin—toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular‐ or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large‐area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution‐processable printing techniques (e.g., roll‐to‐roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.

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“…It should also be noted that many polymers degrade at high temperatures (e.g. PEDOT:PSS chemically degrades quickly when placed at 190°C [49]).…”

Section: Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic thermoelectric materials for waste heat harvesting

Yang

Portale

2020

Colloid Polym Sci

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Ionic thermoelectric polymers are a new class of materials with great potential for use in low-grade waste heat harvesting and the field has seen much progress during the recent years. In this work, we briefly review the working mechanism of such materials, the main advances in the field and the main criteria for performance comparison. We examine two types of polymer-based ionic thermoelectric materials: ionic conductive polymer and ionogels. Moreover, as a comparison, we also examine the more conventional ionic liquid electrolytes. Their performance, possible directions of improvements and potential applications have been evaluated.

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Thermal operating window for PEDOT:PSS films and its related thermoelectric properties

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

In‐Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Air Degradation of PEDOT:PSS in Terms of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties

In‐Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Air Degradation of PEDOT:PSS in Terms of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Ionic thermoelectric materials for waste heat harvesting

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