Thermal noise in contact atomic force microscopy

Ma, Chengfu; Zhou, Chenggang; Peng, Jinqing; Chen, Yuhang; Arnold, W.; Chu, Jiaru

doi:10.1063/5.0054256

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…where y(x, t) is the upward deflection of the cantilever with longitudinal direction. y(x, t) can be split into their temporal and spatial contributions; therefore, 36,48 y(x, t) = y(x) cos(ωt…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the kinetic energy, 48 where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature of the cantilever. One must first determine the flexural vibration amplitudes for its cantilever to determine the vibration energy before we can get the overall thermal deflection amplitude.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, which are the first wavenumber for the free non-supported cantilever from equation. 48 In the case of the supported cantilever, the fourth boundary condition is = q q q q sin( ) cosh( ) cos( ) sinh( ) 0…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Relative Humidity Impact on Biological Protein Bovine Serum Albumin and Bovine Submaxillary Gland Mucin by Using Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy

Kakar,

Riaz,

Naseem

2023

ACS Omega

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In biomaterials, a substantial amount of research has been placed on the mechanical properties of biomolecules and their interactions with body fluids. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a widely studied model protein, while bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) is another cow-derived protein frequently employed in research. Films were examined with contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM), and the results showed that the mechanical characteristics of the films were affected by the relative humidity. We quantitatively analyze the viscoelasticity of these proteins after they have been subjected to humidity by measuring the resonance frequency and quality factor. The findings indicate that prolonged humidity exposure has a different effect on the mechanical properties of BSA and BSM films. The results show that after exposure to humidity, the resonance peaks of BSA shift to the left, indicating stiffness, while those of BSM shift to the right, indicating hydration. Moreover, BSM’s hydration is caused by relative humidity, leading to a constant increase in resonance frequency and material softness. Contrarily, BSA showed a decrease in contact resonance frequency due to ongoing strain-induced deformation, indicating increased material stiffness. The findings have significance for the design and development of biomaterials for a variety of applications, such as the delivery of drugs, the engineering of tissue, and the development of biosensors. Our research demonstrates that CR-AFM has the potential to become a non-invasive and sensitive method that can be used to characterize the mechanical characteristics of biomolecules and their interactions with bodily fluids.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Relative Humidity Impact on Biological Protein Bovine Serum Albumin and Bovine Submaxillary Gland Mucin by Using Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy

Kakar,

Riaz,

Naseem

2023

ACS Omega

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“…The calibration of the cantilever was done exactly as previously described by Danalache et al (2020). In brief, the spring constant was calibrated using the thermal noise method in fluid (Ma et al, 2021). On the calibration force-distance-curve the region for linear fit of the extended curve was used for calibration as well as for Young's modulus calibration.…”

Section: Stiffness Assessment Of the Extracellular Matrix And Pericel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in stiffness of the extracellular and pericellular matrix in the anulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral discs over the course of degeneration

Höflsauer

Bonnaire

Bamberger

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Analogous to articular cartilage, changes in spatial chondrocyte organisation have been proposed to be a strong indicator for local tissue degeneration in the intervertebral disc (IVD). While a progressive structural and functional degradation of the extracellular (ECM) and pericellular (PCM) matrix occurs in osteoarthritic cartilage, these processes have not yet been biomechanically elucidated in the IVD. We aimed to evaluate the local stiffness of the ECM and PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD on the basis of local chondrocyte spatial organisation. Using atomic force microscopy, we measured the Young’s modulus of the local ECM and PCM in human and bovine disc samples using the spatial chondrocyte patterns as an image-based biomarker. By measuring tissue from 31 patients and six bovine samples, we found a significant difference in the elastic moduli (E) of the PCM in clusters when compared to the healthy patterns single cells (p = 0.029), pairs (p = 0.016), and string-formations (p = 0.010). The ECM/PCM ratio ranged from 0.62–0.89. Interestingly, in the bovine IVD, the ECM/PCM ratio of the E significantly varied (p = 0.002) depending on the tissue origin. Overall the reduced E in clusters demonstrates that cluster formation is not only a morphological phenomenon describing disc degeneration, but it marks a compromised biomechanical functioning. Immunohistochemical analyses indicate that collagen type III degradation might be involved. This study is the first to describe and quantify the differences in the E of the ECM in relation to the PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD by means of atomic force microscopy on the basis of spatial chondrocyte organisation.

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“…For example, in conventional AFM setups, thermal noise is typically well above detection noise at frequencies near the AFM cantilever resonances and it is used to obtain the probe's mechanical properties. However, thermal noise also poses a detection limit, which hinders the sensitivity potential of advanced sensors [e.g., AFM (18,19) and microelectromechanical systems (20)(21)(22)] at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beating thermal noise in a dynamic signal measurement by a nanofabricated cavity optomechanical sensor

et al. 2023

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Thermal fluctuations often impose both fundamental and practical measurement limits on high-performance sensors, motivating the development of techniques that bypass the limitations imposed by thermal noise outside cryogenic environments. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a measurement method that reduces the effective transducer temperature and improves the measurement precision of a dynamic impulse response signal. Thermal noise–limited, integrated cavity optomechanical atomic force microscopy probes are used in a photothermal-induced resonance measurement to demonstrate an effective temperature reduction by a factor of ≈25, i.e., from room temperature down as low as ≈12 K, without cryogens. The method improves the experimental measurement precision and throughput by >2×, approaching the theoretical limit of ≈3.5× improvement for our experimental conditions. The general applicability of this method to dynamic measurements leveraging thermal noise–limited harmonic transducers will have a broad impact across a variety of measurement platforms and scientific fields.

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Thermal noise in contact atomic force microscopy

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Probing Relative Humidity Impact on Biological Protein Bovine Serum Albumin and Bovine Submaxillary Gland Mucin by Using Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy

Probing Relative Humidity Impact on Biological Protein Bovine Serum Albumin and Bovine Submaxillary Gland Mucin by Using Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy

Changes in stiffness of the extracellular and pericellular matrix in the anulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral discs over the course of degeneration

Beating thermal noise in a dynamic signal measurement by a nanofabricated cavity optomechanical sensor

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