Thermal modelling and simulation of the all-vanadium redox flow battery

Tang, Ao; Ting, Simon S. T.; Bao, Jie; Skyllas‐Kazacos, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.11.079

Cited by 143 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The applied current density can be obtained according to j = S ca V ca j BV /A ca , and the exchange current density was estimated by Equation 47. The dependency of the cathode rate constant with temperature can be expressed by an Arrhenius approach, Equation 48.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unit Cell Model of a Regenerative Hydrogen-Vanadium Fuel Cell

Pino-Muñoz¹,

Dewage²,

Yufit³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this study, a time dependent model for a regenerative hydrogen-vanadium fuel cell is introduced. This lumped isothermal model is based on mass conservation and electrochemical kinetics, and it simulates the cell working potential considering the major ohmic resistances, a complete Butler-Volmer kinetics for the cathode overpotential and a Tafel-Volmer kinetics near mass-transport free conditions for the anode overpotential. Comparison of model simulations against experimental data was performed by using a 25 cm 2 lab scale prototype operated in galvanostatic mode at different current density values (50 − 600 A m −2 ). A complete Nernst equation derived from thermodynamic principles was fitted to open circuit potential data, enabling a global activity coefficient to be estimated. The model prediction of the cell potential of one single charge-discharge cycle at a current density of 400 A m −2 was used to calibrate the model and a model validation was carried out against six additional data sets, which showed a reasonably good agreement between the model simulation of the cell potential and the experimental data with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in the range of 0.3-6.1% and 1.3-8.8% for charge and discharge, respectively. The results for the evolution of species concentrations in the cathode and anode are presented for one data set. The proposed model permits study of the key factors that limit the performance of the system and is capable of converging to a meaningful solution relatively fast (s-min). Redox flow batteries are considered to be an exceptional candidate for grid-scale energy storage. One attractive feature is their capability to decouple power and energy.1-4 All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) have been considered a promising system due to the limited impact of cross-contamination. However, they have faced challenges related to cost, scale-up and optimization. Current research is also focused on improvement of electrolyte stability for use over a wider temperature window and concentrations, development of electrode materials resistant to overcharge, and mitigation of membrane degradation.1,2 Cost dependency with regarding to vanadium can be mitigated through utilization of new systems that employ only half of the vanadium.1 Recently, a Regenerative Hydrogen-Vanadium Fuel Cell (RHVFC) based on an aqueous vanadium electrolyte V(V) and V(IV) and hydrogen has been introduced 5 and is illustrated schematically in Figure 1. This system contains a porous carbon layer for the positive electrode reaction, membrane and catalyzed porous carbon layer for the negative electrode reaction. Hydrogen evolution, which is an adverse reaction in VRFBs, is here the main anodic process. During discharge, V(V) is reduced to V(IV) and H 2 is oxidized, while the reverse process occurs during charge and H 2 is stored. The vanadium reaction takes place in the positive electrode (cathode), while the hydrogen reaction occurs in the catalyst layer (CL) of the negative electrode (anode). The redox reactions that occur ...

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Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unit Cell Model of a Regenerative Hydrogen-Vanadium Fuel Cell

Pino-Muñoz¹,

Dewage²,

Yufit³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the exothermic self-discharge reactions can lead to elevated temperature within the cell, especially when the pumps are turned off during stand-by periods [1,2]. Although equipped with a built-in cooling system-"the circulating electrolyte solutions", the possibility of thermal precipitation of concentrated VO 2 + in the positive half-cell during static or low flow rate situations needs to be avoided. Most research groups evaluating or developing novel membranes for the VRB have tended to limit their permeation measurements only to the VO 2+ species in the discharged positive half-cell solution [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and very few studies have included the diffusion coefficients of the other three vanadium ions [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dimensional stability and performance of each of the membranes was also determined and the Energies 2016, 9, 1058 4 of 15 experimental diffusion data obtained was incorporated in the dynamic models based on the work of Tang et al [1,2] to simulate their effects on thermal behavior under specific operating conditions. The dimensional variations including length, width and thickness as well as weight were measured over a period of more than 800 days and the results are presented in Figure 1a-d, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such disparity in the dimensional sizes might be associated with the anisotropy of the membrane or the reinforcement. and the experimental diffusion data obtained was incorporated in the dynamic models based on the work of Tang et al [1,2] to simulate their effects on thermal behavior under specific operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Permeability Rates of Vanadium Ions and Their Effects on Temperature Variation in Vanadium Redox Batteries

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The inevitable diffusion of vanadium ions across the membrane can cause considerable capacity loss and temperature increase in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) over long term operation. Reliable experimental data of the permeability rates of vanadium ions are needed for membrane selection and for use in mathematical models to predict long-term behavior. In this paper a number of ion exchange membranes were selected for detailed evaluation using a modified approach to obtain more accurate permeation rates of V 2+ , V 3+ , VO 2+ and VO 2 + ions. Three commercial ion exchange membranes-FAP450, VB2 and F930-are investigated. The obtained diffusion coefficients are then employed in dynamic models to predict the thermal behavior under specific operating conditions. The simulation results prove that smaller and more balanced permeability rates of V 2+ and VO 2 + ions are more important to avoid large temperature increases in the cell stack during stand-by periods at high states-of-charge with pumps off.

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The History of theUNSWAll‐Vanadium Flow Battery Development

Skyllas‐Kazacos

2023

Flow Batteries

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Thermal modelling and simulation of the all-vanadium redox flow battery

Cited by 143 publications

References 9 publications

A Unit Cell Model of a Regenerative Hydrogen-Vanadium Fuel Cell

A Unit Cell Model of a Regenerative Hydrogen-Vanadium Fuel Cell

Membrane Permeability Rates of Vanadium Ions and Their Effects on Temperature Variation in Vanadium Redox Batteries

The History of theUNSWAll‐Vanadium Flow Battery Development

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