Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles

Karimi, Gholamreza; Li, X.

doi:10.1002/er.1956

Cited by 336 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This particular behavior of temperature non-uniformity makes the thermal management of a battery pack more challenging in order to maintain a uniform temperature inside the battery pack during operation. Improvements have to be made in battery cells design, and the location oriented active/passive cooling system of battery pack has to be incorporated to overcome this challenge [16][17][18]. Now, among the different methods of measuring cell surface temperature, the single point (minute area) measurement (e.g., contact thermocouple, thermistor, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The non-uniform surface temperature distribution of a battery cell results from complex reactions inside the cell and makes efficient thermal management a challenging task. This experimental work attempts to determine the evolution of surface temperature distribution of three pouch type commercial cells: Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC)-based 20 Ah cell, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) 14 Ah, and Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) 5 Ah battery cell by using contact thermistor and infrared (IR) thermography. High current (up to 100 A) continuous charge/discharge and high current (80 A) micro pulse cycling profile were applied on the cells. It was found that thermistor based temperature profile varied cell to cell, especially the LTO cell. Among the investigated cells, the NMC cell shows highest temperature rise and the LTO cell the lowest rise. IR (Infrared) images revealed the spatial distribution of surface temperature, in particular the location of the hottest region varies depending not only on the geometrical and material properties of the cell, but also the type of loads applied on the cells. Finally, a modeling perspective of the cell temperature non-uniformity is also discussed. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 8176

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

et al. 2015

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“…Karimi, et al [31] who in their investigation of a thermal management system for Li-ion batteries for EVs utilised a FEM approach with the fundamental heat transfer principles and the performance characteristics of commercial Li-ion battery to investigate the thermal and electrical performance of a battery pack at various rates of discharge. Karimi, et al [31] considered thin-film flat type of Li-ion batteries for their analysis.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Transient Finite Element Analysis Thermal Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example many studies have been focused on vehicular applications specifically electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) with many of the recent theoretical and experimental research efforts also have been aimed towards EV battery operation [28][29][30]. The high charge and discharge rates of batteries used in these applications warrant a well-designed thermal management systems [31]. The different types of batteries that have been tested to meet the energy storage requirements in vehicular applications include lead acid, Li-ion, ultra-battery (supercapacitor and lead acid battery combination) and Nickel/metal hydride type technologies [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research efforts were propelled when researchers in their investigation of ESS found that the battery performance was significantly affected by the operating temperature of the battery module and the temperature variation/distribution within the battery modules [31]. Since then researchers have been striving to design thermal models that could accurately predict the temperature dependent performance of battery-based ESS while balancing the computational requirements of the models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical Modelling Methods for Thermal Management of Batteries

Shabani¹,

Biju²

2015

Energies

104

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Abstract:The main challenge associated with renewable energy generation is the intermittency of the renewable source of power. Because of this, back-up generation sources fuelled by fossil fuels are required. In stationary applications whether it is a back-up diesel generator or connection to the grid, these systems are yet to be truly emissions-free. One solution to the problem is the utilisation of electrochemical energy storage systems (ESS) to store the excess renewable energy and then reusing this energy when the renewable energy source is insufficient to meet the demand. The performance of an ESS amongst other things is affected by the design, materials used and the operating temperature of the system. The operating temperature is critical since operating an ESS at low ambient temperatures affects its capacity and charge acceptance while operating the ESS at high ambient temperatures affects its lifetime and suggests safety risks. Safety risks are magnified in renewable energy storage applications given the scale of the ESS required to meet the energy demand. This necessity has propelled significant effort to model the thermal behaviour of ESS. Understanding and modelling the thermal behaviour of these systems is a crucial consideration before designing an efficient thermal management system that would operate safely and extend the lifetime of the ESS. This is vital in order to eliminate intermittency and add value to renewable sources of power. This paper concentrates on reviewing theoretical approaches used to simulate the operating temperatures of ESS and the subsequent endeavours of modelling thermal management systems for these systems. The intent of this review is to present some of the different methods of modelling the thermal behaviour of ESS highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 10154

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“…Temperature also affects the batteries performances and the overall performance of an EV [16,17] and is reported to be one of the greatest factors influencing among others the lifetime, the power and energy capabilities, and the reliability of the batteries [16,18]. To avoid the occurrence of an excessive local temperature rise leading to a decrease in the lifetime of batteries or leading in the worst case to the thermal runaway phenomenon, local temperature of batteries should be carefully monitored [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behaviour Investigation of a Large and High Power Lithium Iron Phosphate Cylindrical Cell

et al. 2015

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This paper investigates the thermal behaviour of a large lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cell based on its electrochemical-thermal modelling for the predictions of its temperature evolution and distribution during both charge and discharge processes. The electrochemical-thermal modelling of the cell is performed for two cell geometry approaches: homogeneous (the internal region is considered as a single region) and discrete (the internal region is split into smaller regions for each layer inside the cell). The experimental measurements and the predictions of the cell surface temperature achieved with the simulations for both approaches are in good agreement with 1.5• C maximum root mean square error. From the results, the maximum cell surface temperature and temperature gradient between the internal and the surface regions are around 31.3• C and 1.6• C. The temperature gradient in the radial direction is observed to be greater about 1.1• C compared to the longitudinal direction, which is caused by the lower thermal conductivity of the cell in the radial compared to the longitudinal direction. During its discharge, the reversible, the ohmic and the reaction heat generations inside the cell reach up to 2 W, 7 W and 17 W respectively. From the comparison of the two modelling approaches, this paper establishes that the homogeneous modelling of the cell internal region is suitable for the study of a single cylindrical cell and is appropriate for the two-dimensional thermal behaviour investigation of a battery module made of multiple cells.

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Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles

Cited by 336 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

Theoretical Modelling Methods for Thermal Management of Batteries

Thermal Behaviour Investigation of a Large and High Power Lithium Iron Phosphate Cylindrical Cell

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