Thermal limitations of Metarhizium anisopliae efficacy: selection for application on warm-blooded vertebrates

Ment, Dana; Iraki, Naim M.; Gindin, Galina; Rot, Asael; Glazer, I.; Abu-Jreis, R.; Samish, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10526-010-9329-3

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…This and other promising entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, however, tend to perform poorly at temperatures above 30°C and have upper thermal limits on spore germination and growth of approximately 34 to 37°C [31]. This presents particular challenges for application of pathogenic fungi to warm-blooded vertebrates for ectoparasite control, although significant progress has been made in controlling both the on-host and off-host stages of ticks and mites [32,33]. The relatively warm on-host environment may have contributed to its poor performance in the present on-host tests compared with the in vitro test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens

Mullens

Soto

Martin

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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The northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), is the most widespread and damaging poultry ectoparasite in the United States [1,2]. The mites live in the vent feathers of hens, are obligate blood feeders as protonymphs and adults, and complete a life cycle in 5 to 12 d [3]. Mite infestations, in addition to being a nuisance for human workers and egg handlers, cause reductions in egg production, feed conversion efficiency, and BW gains and may affect egg size as well [4]. A key mechanism of damage is that NFM force the immune systems of hens to engage the mite infestation, and this metabolic cost diverts resources that might otherwise be devoted to normal body functions, including egg production [4].Mite control is currently based on exclusion or biosecurity [5] and pesticide applications. Resistance is high to the few remaining traditional registered materials [6], so producers are actually in a rather precarious position regard- SUMMARYLiquid formulations of nontraditional materials for northern fowl mite control were applied to the vent feathers of infested hens, and the mite populations on hens were monitored before and after treatment. High concentrations (≥5.3%) of sulfur eliminated mites for periods of at least 8 to 10 wk. A lower sulfur concentration (0.9%) essentially eliminated mites for approximately 4 to 5 wk and greatly reduced mites for 5 to 8 wk. Azadirachtin (derived from the neem tree) at 0.06% reduced, but did not eliminate, mites for approximately 3.5 wk after treatment. Of the inert dusts, kaolin (12% by wt, in water) somewhat reduced mites for approximately 1 wk after 1 application, but 2 consecutive weekly applications controlled mites for 2 to 3 wk. Diatomaceous earth (12% by wt, in water) reduced mites significantly only if applied for 2 consecutive weeks, and its effects then lasted <2 wk. Beauveria bassiana at 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL effectively killed mites in a glass tube, but showed only moderate on-hen control for 1 wk in 1 of 2 trials. In declining order of effectiveness, the materials were ranked as follows: high sulfur > low sulfur > neem > kaolin clay > diatomaceous earth > Beauveria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens

Mullens

Soto

Martin

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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“…In the ITS-and ISSR-based dendrograms, the isolates; T-2004, Ma-7, and PAL-M02 were clustered as one group while the PAL-M01 and PPRC isolates appeared clearly different from the rest of the Metarhizium isolates (Figure 6). It is interesting to mention that the former three isolates clustered as one group and showed a higher virulence against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus annulatus than the latter two genotypes (Ment et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study and in an attempt to establish a biocontrol program using entomopathogenic fungi to control vertebrate-parasitic arthropods, two groups of entomopathogenic fungi were tested (Ment et al 2009a;. One group included four EPF strains isolated from Palestine and the other one included six EPF lines isolated from various geographic regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Genetic variation among Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Isolates from Palestine and other Geographic regions using ITS and β-tubulin Sequences, RFLP and ISSR Data

Al-Qadi

Farrah

Iraki

2023

Bethlehem University Journal

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In this work we report the genetic variation of ten isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, fourof which were isolated from Palestine while the remaining six were from other geographicregions. The variation was determined using molecular-based techniques including; sequenceanalysis of β-tubulin (BT) gene, the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) 1 & 2 of the rDNA,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)analysis. The sequencing data of ITS regions confirmed the taxonomic identity of six isolates asMetarhizium anisopliae while the identity of the other four as Beauveria bassiana. These dataalso revealed that the two Palestinian Beauveria b. isolates are probably new strains since theyshowed 99% homology with the best match sequences reported in the gene bank. The restrictiondigestion of the ITS2 sequences produced a fingerprint for the PAL-M01 isolate. The ITS andBT sequences were able to distinguish the B-Bot genotype from the other Beauveria b. isolates.In contrast, the ITS could discriminate the three Metarhizium isolates: Ma-7, PAL-M01, andPPRC. Moreover, the ISSR analysis detected high levels of polymorphism among the Beauveriab. (80%) and the Metarhizium a. (90%) isolates. The fact that the PPRC and B-Bot isolates areobviously genetically different from their Metarhizium a. and Beauveria b. counterparts could beattributed to their distant geographic origins.The molecular data obtained in this work can be utilized for specific identification of each ofthese isolates which, would facilitate the local use of these fungi as biocontrol agents. To the bestof our knowledge, this is the first study, in Palestine, attempting to discriminate between EPFisolates using advanced molecular techniques.

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“…High temperatures may reduce the virulence and/or the survival of these microorganisms; and, consequently, limit their effectiveness Rangel et al, 2010;Ment et al, 2011). The optimum temperature range for Metarhizium anisopliae s.l.…”

Section: Rhipicephalus Microplusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium

Barreto

Luz

Mascarin

et al. 2016

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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The effect of heat stress (45°C) versus non-heat stress (27°C) on germination of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s.s.) isolate IP 119 was examined with conidia formulated (suspended) in pure mineral oil or in water (Tween 80, 0.01%), and then applied onto the cuticle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) engorged females or onto culture medium (PDAY). In addition, bioassays were performed to investigate the effect of conidia heated while formulated in oil, then applied to blood-engorged adult R. sanguineus females. Conidia suspended in water then exposed to 45°C, in comparison to conidia formulated in mineral oil and exposed to the same temperature, germinated less and more slowly when incubated on either PDAY medium or tick cuticle. Also, conidial germination on tick cuticle was delayed in comparison to germination on artificial culture medium; for example, germination was 13% on tick cuticle 72h after inoculation, in contrast to 61.5% on PDAY medium. Unheated (27°C) conidia suspended in either water or oil and applied to tick cuticle developed appressoria 36h after treatment; whereas only heat-stressed conidia formulated in oil developed appressoria on tick cuticle. In comparison to conidia heated in mineral oil, there was a strong negative effect of heat on germination of conidia heated in water before being applied to arthropod cuticle. Nevertheless, bioassays [based primarily on egg production (quantity) and egg hatchability] exhibited high percentages of tick control regardless of the type of conidial suspension; i.e., water- or oil-formulated conidia, and whether or not conidia were previously exposed to heat. In comparison to aqueous conidial preparations, however, conidia formulated in oil reduced egg hatchability irrespective of heat or no-heat exposure. In conclusion, mineral-oil formulation protected conidia against heat-induced delay of both germination and appressorium production when applied to the cuticle of R. sanguineus.

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Thermal limitations of Metarhizium anisopliae efficacy: selection for application on warm-blooded vertebrates

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens

Determination of Genetic variation among Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Isolates from Palestine and other Geographic regions using ITS and β-tubulin Sequences, RFLP and ISSR Data

Effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium

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