Thermal‐Induced Cerium‐Doped Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor Exceeding 81%

Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and the feasibility of cost‐effective, high‐throughput manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The present p–i–n PSCs have poor film‐forming ability on poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐amine] (PTAA) film, resulting in a great number of defects within perovskite. Herein, the cerium ion (Ce3+) into the PTAA layer is successfully incorporated, which is thermal‐induced transferred onto the perovskite lattice and surface layer, by replacing Pb2+ in partial or uncoordinated metalsites and Ce3+–Ce4+ ion pair to suppress the bulk/surface defects, leading to a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). Systemically studies demonstrate that thermal‐induced Ce3+/4+‐doped MAPbI2.91Br0.09 thin film possesses superior film morphology with a uniform surface, suppressed nonradiative recombination, and enhanced crystallinity due to fewer bulk/surface defects. Moreover, PSCs by MAPbI2.91Br0.09/PTAA:xCe3+/4+ (x = 0.5 wt%) thin film exhibit suppressed charge carrier recombination and shorter charge carrier extraction time. As a result, PSCs by MAPbI2.91Br0.09/PTAA:xCe3+/4+ (x = 0.5 wt%) thin film exhibit PCE of 21.32% with significantly increased fill factor (FF) of 81.17% and long‐term stability. All these results indicate that the approach provides a facile way to incorporate rare‐earth ions into perovskites to boost the performance of PSCs.

Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Structural Design of Lewis Base Molecules

“…Thus, the passivation of the thin films by M1 and M2 has no effect on the absorption limit of the MAPb(I 0.97 Br 0.03 ) 3 thin film, resulting in a uniform band gap. The uniform band gap can be determined using the following formula: E g = 1240 λ normalg where λ g is the band edge wavelength (775 nm). The calculated E g = 1.6 eV, and the Fermi energy level ( E Fermi ), highest occupied molecular orbital energy level ( E HOMO ), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level ( E LUMO ) can be determined using the following formulas: E Fermi = − W F + E cutoff , 0.25em E HOMO = − W F + E onset , 0.25em E LUMO = E HOMO + E g where E onset is the onset potential.…”

Investigations on the Strong Light-Changed Photoluminescence Performance and the Crystalline Structure of MAPbBr1Cl2 Mixed Halide Perovskites

“…For instance, studies have demonstrated that thermal-induced Ce 3+/4+ -doped MAPbI 2.91 Br 0.09 thin films exhibit improved film morphology and suppresses nonradiative recombination. 37 Encapsulation of a PMMA top layer has been found to enhance the ASE properties of CsPb(Br 0.5 Cl 0.5 ) 3 . Reportedly, the physical properties of halide perovskites can be modified by replacing the cations or halide components (I, Br, and Cl) to form mixed halide perovskites (MHPs).…”

“…Recently, numerous strategies have been developed to improve the optoelectronic efficiency and operational stability of halide perovskites. For instance, studies have demonstrated that thermal-induced Ce 3+/4+ -doped MAPbI 2.91 Br 0.09 thin films exhibit improved film morphology and suppresses nonradiative recombination . Encapsulation of a PMMA top layer has been found to enhance the ASE properties of CsPb­(Br 0.5 Cl 0.5 ) 3 .…”

Stable and efficient perovskite solar cells via hydrogen bonding and coordination

“…Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new photovoltaic technology, garnering considerable attention in both academic and industrial sectors because of their superior optoelectronic properties and simple preparation technologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6] They are represented by the general formula ABX 3 , where A represents a monovalent cation (e.g., CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + ), NH 2 CHvNH 2 + (FA + ), or Cs + ), B denotes a metal cation (e.g., Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ ), and X corresponds to a halogen anion (e.g., I − , Br − , and Cl − ). [7][8][9][10] The ease of compositional tunability in perovskites contributes to their tunable bandgap and optoelectronic properties, making them suitable for use in various applications.…”

“…Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new photovoltaic technology, garnering considerable attention in both academic and industrial sectors because of their superior optoelectronic properties and simple preparation technologies. 1–6 They are represented by the general formula ABX 3 , where A represents a monovalent cation ( e.g. , CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + ), NH 2 CHNH 2 + (FA + ), or Cs + ), B denotes a metal cation ( e.g.…”