Thermal hydraulic performance of 10 PPI aluminium foam as alternative for louvered fins in an HVAC heat exchanger

Performance enhancement of a louvered fin heat exchanger by using delta winglet vortex generators

“…For other heat exchangers (e.g. cooling of water), the fluid temperature typically varies about 4 K per meter tube [33]. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the tube material (k = 400 W/mK for copper) and the small change in fluid temperature which occurs on the tube side over the length of one fin pitch, a constant tube wall temperature can be assumed.…”

Buoyancy driven convection in open-cell metal foam using the volume averaging theory

“…Open-cell metal foam is a type of porous medium which can have a significantly higher porosity, typically above 90%. In buoyancy driven convection, open-cell metal foams have multiple advantages [7]. The foam has thin struts, creating many tortuous pathways and keeping the boundary layers thin which leads to an increase in the interstitial heat transfer.…”

Metal foams as gas coolers for exhaust gas recirculation systems subjected to particulate fouling

“…Foams are characterized by their pore number density PPI (pore per inch), porosity as well as ligament and pore diameter. Such heat exchangers offer significantly higher compactness and heat transfer compared to conventional heat exchangers; see for instance [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, fouling of metal foam heat exchangers is not well understood yet.…”