Thermal History of the Northern Taiwanese Slate Belt and Implications for Wedge Growth During the Neogene Arc‐Continent Collision

Chen, Chih Tung; Chan, Yu-Chang; Beyssac, Olivier; Chang-yi, LU; Chen, Yue‐Gau; Malavieille, Jacques; Kidder, Steven; Sun, Hao Cheng

doi:10.1029/2019tc005604

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Under the intense impact of erosion, tectonic activities have a dominant role in maintaining the high elevations of mountain ranges. The mountain ranges were likely thickened in the subsurface with basal accretion of materials as shown in the case studies of Byrne et al (2011) and Chen et al (2018Chen et al ( , 2019. At the same time, extensional mechanism may also accompany exhumation of mountains as indicated in the case studies of Crespi et al (1996) and Stern et al (2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Extensional Tectonics and Basement Uplift of the Fansipan and Tule Mountain Ranges in Northern Vietnam

2022

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The Fansipan and Tule mountain ranges, northern Vietnam, are regions with high elevations and are adjacent to the Red River Fault, which is an important structure that is related to the India-Eurasia collision. How mountain elevations are maintained today under a humid subtropical climate is important for improving the knowledge of the tectonic deformations in northern Vietnam and may have broader implications for the crustal dynamics of circum-Tibetan regions. We therefore utilized observations from field and digital elevation model (DEM) data and geomorphic analyses to constrain the active fault systems that have likely contributed to the uplift of mountain ranges. Our observations from DEM and field data indicate potential active normal and strike-slip faults such as the Phong Tho-Nam Pia Fault, Tule Fault, and Nghia Lo Fault. In addition to these observations, the results from geomorphic indices, which include both the stream-length gradient index (SL) and normalized steepness index (ksn), present high values for the footwalls of the inferred normal faults and low values for the hanging walls. Most of the identified knickpoints are related to the locations of mapped faults. Correlations of these data indicate that recent movements of the Fansipan and Tule mountain ranges are dominated by strike-slip and normal faulting under a NE-SW minimum extensional regime. We therefore propose that extensional tectonics associated with isostatic rebound likely plays a role in maintaining mountain elevations over long periods despite the continuous weathering and erosion present in monsoon-affected areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Extensional Tectonics and Basement Uplift of the Fansipan and Tule Mountain Ranges in Northern Vietnam

2022

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“…Laboratory experiments at constant pore-fluid volume predict a fluctuation in the b-value before major cracks and argue the idea that the fluid affects considerably the size and the distribution of future cracks (Sammonds et al, 1992). Other strong correlations between b-value and fluid migration are also found in a crustal range of the Taiwan orogenic belt (Chen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of fluid on earthquake occurrence: Example of the 2019 Ridgecrest and the 1997, 2009 and 2016 Central Apennines sequences

Kariche¹

2022

Preprint

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This paper focuses on the study of the temporal evolution of seismicity and the role of fluids during major earthquake sequences that occurred in the central Apennines and Southern Walker Lane belt-Eastern California Shear Zone over the last two decades: The 1997 Colfiorito sequence, the 2009 L’Aquila sequence, the 2016 Amatrice-Norcia sequence, and the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence. The availability of different high-quality seismic catalogs offers the opportunity to evaluate in detail the temporal evolution of the earthquake's size distribution (or b-value) and propose a physical explanation based on the effect of the fluid flow process in triggering seismicity. For all seismic sequences, the b-value time series show a gradual decrease from a few months to one year before mainshocks. The gradual decrease in the b-value is interpreted in terms of coupled fluid-stress intensity as a gradual increase in earthquake activity due essentially to the short-term to intermediate-term pore-fluid fluctuations. For the 2016 Amatrice-Norcia sequence and the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence, the temporal variation of the b-value during the foreshock sequence is characterized by a double b-value minimum separated by a short-lived b-value increase as observed in laboratory experiments on water-saturated rocks. Based on laboratory experiment results, the observed short–term fluctuation of the b-value is presented here as an accelerating crack growth due essentially to the fluid flow instability. Despite that the occurrence of seismic precursors could have been predictable in areas with high dense seismic networks, the different b-value time series show difficulty to establish a correspondence between the duration of the foreshock activity and the magnitude of the next largest expected earthquake. This may suggest that the spatial and temporal evolution of fluid migration controls the size of the ruptures.

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“…Previous work put loose constraints on the peak metamorphic conditions on either side of the Lishan fault. Graphite geothermometry and partially reset detrital zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from the Northern (Beyssac et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2011, 2019; Simoes et al, 2012) and Central cross‐island highways (Beyssac et al, 2007; Simoes et al, 2012), and the sparse points in between (Beyssac et al, 2007), consistently show that thermal conditions in the Lushan Formation on the eastern side of the Lishan fault did not exceed 330 ± 50°C. Thermal constraints to the west of the fault in the Paileng Formation are limited by lack of data.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general irreversibility of the graphitization, or aromatization process (Buseck & Beyssac, 2014;Luque et al, 1993), make this an attractive method for monitoring peak temperatures in metamorphic terranes. The molecular structure of CM is also used in assessing source rock maturity in oil and gas exploration (e.g., Dow, 1977;Liu et al, 2013;Sauerer et al, 2017) and in defining thermal histories for tectonic reconstructions (e.g., Beyssac et al, 2002Beyssac et al, , 2007Chen et al, 2019;Rahl et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation‐induced graphitization and muscovite recrystallization in a ductile fault zone

Stokes,

Jubb,

McAleer

et al. 2024

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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A suite of slate samples collected along a 2 km transect crossing the Lishan fault in central Taiwan were evaluated to assess the role of ductile deformation in natural graphitization at lower greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. The process of natural aromatization, or graphitization, of an organic precursor is well established as a thermally driven process; however, experimental studies have shown that the energy provided by deformation can substantially reduce the activation energy required for graphitization. This study provides a natural example of deformation‐induced graphitization. A strain gradient approaching the Lishan fault was established by scanning electron microscope imaging and X‐ray diffraction analysis of phyllosilicates and quartz that showed an increase in the strength of slaty cleavage development via dissolution‐precipitation processes. Thermal conditions were constrained to be near isothermal using calcite‐dolomite geothermometry. Raman spectroscopic results from carbonaceous material, including D1‐full width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM), G‐FWHM, Raman band separation (RBS), and a lesser‐known vibrational mode B2g‐FWHM, showed robust linear trends across the same sampling transect. However, the G‐FWHM parameter showed a trend opposite of that expected from thermally driven graphitization. The Raman results are interpreted to reflect a strain‐driven reduction in graphite crystallite size (decrease in G‐FWHM) but improvement in structural ordering in individual coherent domains. A multiple linear regression with an R2 value of 0.92 predicts the graphite D1‐FWHM values from the XRD‐derived ratio of muscovite populations and muscovite microstrain, demonstrating the concomitant recrystallization of silicates and carbonaceous material across the strain gradient, despite the disparate processes accommodating the deformation. This study demonstrates the role of deformation in natural graphitization and provides a new perspective on the use of graphite as a geothermometer in strongly deformed greenschist facies rocks.

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Thermal History of the Northern Taiwanese Slate Belt and Implications for Wedge Growth During the Neogene Arc‐Continent Collision

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Extensional Tectonics and Basement Uplift of the Fansipan and Tule Mountain Ranges in Northern Vietnam

Extensional Tectonics and Basement Uplift of the Fansipan and Tule Mountain Ranges in Northern Vietnam

Role of fluid on earthquake occurrence: Example of the 2019 Ridgecrest and the 1997, 2009 and 2016 Central Apennines sequences

Deformation‐induced graphitization and muscovite recrystallization in a ductile fault zone

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