Thermal hazards of benzoyl peroxide and its derived process products through theoretical thermodynamics assessment and different calorimetric technologies

Thermal runaway behavior and hazard evaluation of cumene hydroperoxide mixed separately with four products under adiabatic conditions coupled with risk matrix method

“…13 The primary cause for the disaster was the long-term storage and stacking of abandoned nitrification, which led to the spontaneous and gradual decomposition of hazardous wastes and heat accumulation in the nearby adiabatic warehouse. 13,[15][16][17] Some accidents of OPs in recent decades are listed in Table 1. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]18,19 The occurrence of chemical accidents is mainly due to the thermal behavior and reaction characteristics of hazardous substances that are not understood by the operators, which indicated that basic experiments are necessary, and comprehensive thermal hazard analysis is a prerequisite to ensure the safety of chemical production.…”

“…6 It is well known that organic hydroperoxides are subject to decomposition when exposed to heat, acids, bases, contaminants, etc. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Duh et al reviewed the published kinetic parameters on the thermal decomposition of CHP in cumene and discussed the importance of obtaining reliable and accurate chemical kinetic range for the safety and engineering application of CHP-related processes. 12 F I G U R E 1 Production process of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and its products [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] T A B L E 1 Selected chemical accidents caused by organic peroxides (OPs) in recent decades [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]19,20 method by calorimeters and thermal safety software.…”

“…More detailed and in-depth exploration is an important guarantee for the safety of the hazardous chemicals production process. 1,3,13,17 Our previous work summarized the thermal hazard assessment of CHP mixed with acetone and dicumyl peroxide through calorimetric and multiple methodologies. 14 1,2,8,16 An accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), as an excellent adiabatic calorimeter, was used to get reaction characteristics and thermal parameters such as apparent exothermic onset temperature (T onset ), time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR ad ), adiabatic temperature rise (ΔT ad ), and so on.…”

“…Certainly, the thermal decomposition reaction of CHP conforms to a flexible, intricate, and self-accelerating decomposition model, and that is noticeable to consider the self-heating effect due to its products. 6,[13][14][15] In the process of industrial production, storage, transportation, disablement, and waste treatment, CHP in all probability mix with its products and lead to an uncontrollable self-accelerating decomposition reaction. When the heat generation rate in the environment exceeds the heat removal rate, the accumulation of reaction heat in the system eventually leads to a thermal runaway reaction, even fire, and explosion due to negligence in the process of wastes disposal or disablement.…”

“…When the heat generation rate in the environment exceeds the heat removal rate, the accumulation of reaction heat in the system eventually leads to a thermal runaway reaction, even fire, and explosion due to negligence in the process of wastes disposal or disablement. 4,10,13…”