Thermal forcing for a global ocean circulation model using a three-year climatology of ECMWF analyses

Barnier, Bernard; Siefridt, L.; Marchesiello, Patrick

doi:10.1016/0924-7963(94)00034-9

Cited by 427 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the NEMOMED12 configuration (both NM12-FREE and MEDRYS) reanalysis, the various fluxes have been interpolated every 3 h on the NEMOMED12 grid using a conservative interpolation scheme. NEMOMED12 receives heat fluxes (total and solar for the light penetration), net freshwater fluxes (evaporation and precipitation) and wind stresses every 3 h. A retroaction term towards the same SST fields as the one seen by ALADIN-Climate is added in the heat flux, following the method of Barnier et al (1995), with a retroaction coefficient of −40 W m −2 K −1 . The total heat flux, including the retroaction term, has been stored when running the hindcast NM12-FREE and is used to force MEDRYS, ensuring thus that both simulations have exactly the same atmospheric forcing.…”

Section: Atmospheric Forcing: Alderamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013

Hamon

Beuvier

Somot³

et al. 2016

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. The French research community in the Mediterranean Sea modeling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modeling, atmospheric forcings and data assimilation to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992-2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1/12 • (∼ 7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric-forcing data set (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34-year hindcast simulation over the period 1979, which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM2 that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a threedimensional (3-D) multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform MEDRYS. We then validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good average temperature and salinity at intermediate layers compared to the hindcast. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis shows slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 • C above 150 m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows one to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high-frequency variability is shown.

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Section: Atmospheric Forcing: Alderamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013

Hamon

Beuvier

Somot³

et al. 2016

Ocean Sci.

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“…For the surface temperature condition, a relaxation term toward ERA40 sea surface temperature (SST) is applied for the heat flux (Beuvier et al, 2012a). This term plays the role of a firstorder coupling between the SST of the ocean model and the atmospheric heat flux (Barnier et al, 1995), ensuring the consistency between those two terms. The value of the relaxation coefficient is spatially constant and taken equal to −40 W m −2 K −1 , following the CLIPPER Project Team (1999).…”

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of the anthropogenic tritium transient and its decay product helium-3 in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional model

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This numerical study provides the first simulation of the anthropogenic tritium invasion and its decay product helium-3 ( 3 He) in the Mediterranean Sea. The simulation covers the entire tritium ( 3 H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and is run till 2011. Tritium, helium-3 and their derived age estimates are particularly suitable for studying intermediate and deep-water ventilation and spreading of water masses at intermediate/deep levels. The simulation is made using a high-resolution regional model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), in a regional configuration for the Mediterranean Sea called MED12, forced at the surface with prescribed tritium evolution derived from observations. The simulation is compared to measurements of tritium and helium-3 performed along large-scale transects in the Mediterranean Sea during the last few decades on cruises of R/V Meteor: M5/6, M31/1, M44/4, M51/2, M84/3, and R/V Poseidon: 234. The results show that the input function used for the tritium generates a realistic distribution of the main hydrographic features of the Mediterranean Sea circulation. In the eastern basin, the results highlight the weak formation of Adriatic Deep Water in the model, which explains its weak contribution to the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) in the Ionian sub-basin. It produces a realistic representation of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) signal, simulating a deep-water formation in the Aegean subbasin at the beginning of 1993, with a realistic timing of deep-water renewal in the eastern basin.

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“…First we spin up the OGCM for 30 yr using monthly varying surface forcing, which is given by a Barnier-type heat flux formulation (Barnier et al 1995) and a restoring condition for salinity. The OGCM is part of the FLAME hierarchy of models (see also http://www.ifm.uni-kiel.…”

Section: Model and Coupling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Damped Decadal Oscillation in the North Atlantic Climate System

Eden¹,

Greatbatch²

2003

J. Climate

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A simple stochastic atmosphere model is coupled to a realistic model of the North Atlantic Ocean. A northsouth SST dipole, with its zero line centered along the subpolar front, influences the atmosphere model, which in turn forces the ocean model by surface fluxes related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. The coupled system exhibits a damped decadal oscillation associated with the adjustment through the ocean model to the changing surface forcing. The oscillation consists of a fast wind-driven, positive feedback of the ocean and a delayed negative feedback orchestrated by overturning circulation anomalies. The positive feedback turns out to be necessary to distinguish the coupled oscillation from that in a model without any influence from the ocean to the atmosphere. Using a novel diagnosing technique, it is possible to rule out the importance of baroclinic wave processes for determining the period of the oscillation, and to show the important role played by anomalous geostrophic advection in sustaining the oscillation.

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Thermal forcing for a global ocean circulation model using a three-year climatology of ECMWF analyses

Cited by 427 publications

References 21 publications

Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013

Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013

Modelling of the anthropogenic tritium transient and its decay product helium-3 in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional model

A Damped Decadal Oscillation in the North Atlantic Climate System

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