Thermal expansion of tetragonal tin

“…The range of spectrum b from 25 to 45 is shown enlarged. Besides the peaks from SnO, marked by black dots, four peaks characteristic of metal Sn (b-Sn) (I4 1 /amd, a = 5.832 and c = 3.182 ) [127] are identified (marked by stars), which are indexed as the (200), (101), (220), and (211) reflections from Sn. The Sn peaks are likely from the globular tips that are observed to be associated with the SnO diskettes.…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of An Unstable Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Nanostructures of Functional Oxides Synthesized by Thermal Evaporation

Dai

Pan

Wang³

2003

Adv Funct Materials

1,123

693

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Functional oxides are the fundamentals of smart devices. This article reviews novel nanostructures of functional oxides, including nanobelts, nanowires, nanosheets, and nanodiskettes, that have been synthesized in the authors’ laboratory. Among the group of ZnO, SnO2, In2O3, Ga2O3, CdO, and PbO2, which belong to different crystallographic systems and structures, a generic nanobelt structure has been synthesized. The nanobelts are single crystalline and dislocation‐free, and their surfaces are atomically flat. The oxides are semiconductors, and have been used for fabrication of nanodevices such as field‐effect transistors and gas sensors. Taking SnO2 and SnO as examples, other types of novel nanostructures are illustrated. Their growth, phase transformation, and stability are discussed. The nanobelts and related nanostructures are a unique group that is likely to have important applications in electronic, optical, sensor, and optoelectronic nanodevices.

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“…6 9 10 À6 /°C at 150°C. 23 The linear trend of the measured coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) during cooling of this sample suggested that there was no phase change at 80°C that would have been responsible for the changes in peak intensity and peak width. This further suggested that the twinning was probably responsible for the observed changes in x-ray diffraction peak character at approximately 80°C, since b-Sn would have remained after twinning.…”

Section: Tin On Graphite Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and In Situ Observations of Undercooling for Nucleation of β-Sn Relevant to Lead-Free Solder Alloys

Elmer

Specht

Kumar

2010

Journal of Elec Materi

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Difficult nucleation of b-Sn during solidification of tin and tin-based lead-free solder alloys can result in high degrees of undercooling of the liquid prior to solidification. The undercooling can produce solder joints with large grains, anisotropic behavior, and undesirable mechanical properties. This paper describes our examination of the amount of undercooling of tin on both graphite (non-wetting) and copper (wetting) surfaces using in situ x-ray diffraction. The microstructure was further characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction imaging microscopy. Undercoolings as high as 61°C were observed for Sn solidified on graphite, while lower undercoolings, up to 30°C, were observed for Sn solidified on copper. The microstructure of the high purity Sn sample solidified on graphite showed very few grains in the cross-section, while the commercially pure Sn sample solidified with only one grain and was twinned. Tin solidified on copper contained significant amounts of copper in the tin, intermetallic phase formation at the interface, and a eutectic microstructure.

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Thermal expansion of tetragonal tin

Cited by 84 publications

References 2 publications

Determination of thermal expansion of germanium, rhodium and iridium by X-rays

Determination of thermal expansion of germanium, rhodium and iridium by X-rays

Novel Nanostructures of Functional Oxides Synthesized by Thermal Evaporation

Microstructure and In Situ Observations of Undercooling for Nucleation of β-Sn Relevant to Lead-Free Solder Alloys

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