Thermal expansion behavior of igneous rocks

Richter, D.; Simmons, Gene

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(74)91111-5

Cited by 220 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In real terms, measured rates of warming (always less than 0.2°C/min) are an order of magnitude below typicallyquoted thresholds for thermal shock (Δ2°C/min, Hall and Thorn, 2014;Richter and Simmons, 1974). This reflects the temperate summertime conditions simulated here (18°C to 29°C over a 6-hour period).…”

Section: Implications For Rock Breakdown and Coastal Engineering Matementioning

confidence: 58%

Cool barnacles: Do common biogenic structures enhance or retard rates of deterioration of intertidal rocks and concrete?

Coombes

Viles

Naylor

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Sedentary and mobile organisms grow profusely on hard substrates within the coastal zone and contribute to the deterioration of coastal engineering structures and the geomorphic evolution of rocky shores by both enhancing and retarding weathering and erosion. There is a lack of quantitative evidence for the direction and magnitude of these effects. This study assesses the influence of globally-abundant

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Section: Implications For Rock Breakdown and Coastal Engineering Matementioning

confidence: 58%

Cool barnacles: Do common biogenic structures enhance or retard rates of deterioration of intertidal rocks and concrete?

Coombes

Viles

Naylor

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Because this data set enables the determination of spatial and temporal variability of the temperature characteristics of the rock over an entire year, this surface temperature data set is an unprecedented opportunity to address the frequency, duration and/or magnitude of conditions that are often hypothesized to lead to fracture. Hypotheses related to processes such as freeze-thaw (e.g., the amount of time a rock is in the proposed −4 to −15 • C range thought to be ideal for fracturing by sustained freezing temperatures; Walder and Hallet, 1985;Hallet et al, 1991) and/or thermal shock (e.g., the hypothesized 2 • C min −1 threshold often cited for thermal shock fracturing; Richter and Simmons, 1974) can be directly tested with the data set.…”

Section: Preliminary Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated field detection of rock fracturing, microclimate, and diurnal rock temperature and strain fields

Warren

Eppes

Swami

et al. 2013

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. The rates and processes that lead to non-tectonic rock fracture on Earth's surface are widely debated but poorly understood. Few, if any, studies have made the direct observations of rock fracturing under natural conditions that are necessary to directly address this problem. An instrumentation design that enables concurrent high spatial and temporal monitoring resolution of (1) diurnal environmental conditions of a natural boulder and its surroundings in addition to (2) the fracturing of that boulder under natural full-sun exposure is described herein. The surface of a fluvially transported granite boulder was instrumented with (1) six acoustic emission (AE) sensors that record micro-crack associated, elastic wave-generated activity within the three-dimensional space of the boulder, (2) eight rectangular rosette foil strain gages to measure surface strain, (3) eight thermocouples to measure surface temperature, and (4) one surface moisture sensor. Additionally, a soil moisture probe and a full weather station that measures ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, insolation, and precipitation were installed adjacent to the test boulder. AE activity was continuously monitored by one logger while all other variables were acquired by a separate logger every 60 s. The protocols associated with the instrumentation, data acquisition, and analysis are discussed in detail. During the first four months, the deployed boulder experienced almost 12 000 AE events, the majority of which occur in the afternoon when temperatures are decreasing. This paper presents preliminary data that illustrates data validity and typical patterns and behaviors observed. This system offers the potential to (1) obtain an unprecedented record of the natural conditions under which rocks fracture and (2) decipher the mechanical processes that lead to rock fracture at a variety of temporal scales under a range of natural conditions.

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“…Meanwhile, brittle transcrystalline fracture morphology represented by cleavage fractures and transcrystalline cracks existed in the sandstone fracture at the lower hating rate (Figure 12(a)). At the heating rate of [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] ∘ C/min, there were two kinds of brittle fracture morphology (transcrystalline cracks and intergranular cracks) in the sandstone fracture after the impact tensile damage (Figure 12(b)). At the heating rates of 40-50 ∘ C/min, tearing ridges became the key fracture morphology, and transcrystalline cracks occurred locally and propagated gradually (Figure 12(c)).…”

Section: Evolutional Rules Of Morphology Features In Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirumalai and Demou [25] tested granite at different heating rates (5 ∘ C/min, 20 ∘ C/min, and 50 ∘ C/min) in heat treatments of 20-400 ∘ C and found that, at the same temperatures, the effects of heat gradually increased as the heating rate increased. By heating gabbro to 300 ∘ C at heating rates of 5 ∘ C/min and 1 ∘ C/min, Richter and Simmons [26] found that thermal expansion differed by 10 percent between the two heating rates, and the fracture characteristics of the sandstone were more remarkable at the faster heating rate. In metal material engineering, heating rate is the key factor in changing the mechanical properties of materials because it not only significantly affects crystal texture and recombination but also further influences the macroscopic mechanical properties [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heating Rate on the Dynamic Tensile Mechanical Properties of Coal Sandstone during Thermal Treatment

Mao

et al. 2017

Shock and Vibration

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The effects of coal layered combustion and the heat injection rate on adjacent rock were examined in the process of underground coal gasification and coal-bed methane mining. Dynamic Brazilian disk tests were conducted on coal sandstone at 800 ∘ C and slow cooling from different heating rates by means of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test system. It was discovered that thermal conditions had significant effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the sandstone including longitudinal wave velocity, density, and dynamic linear tensile strength; as the heating rates increased, the thermal expansion of the sandstone was enhanced and the damage degree increased. Compared with sandstone at ambient temperature, the fracture process of heat-treated sandstone was more complicated. After thermal treatment, the specimen had a large crack in the center and cracks on both sides caused by loading; the original cracks grew and mineral particle cracks, internal pore geometry, and other defects gradually appeared. With increasing heating rates, the microscopic fracture mode transformed from ductile fracture to subbrittle fracture. It was concluded that changes in the macroscopic mechanical properties of the sandstone were result from changes in the composition and microstructure.

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Thermal expansion behavior of igneous rocks

Cited by 220 publications

References 7 publications

Cool barnacles: Do common biogenic structures enhance or retard rates of deterioration of intertidal rocks and concrete?

Cool barnacles: Do common biogenic structures enhance or retard rates of deterioration of intertidal rocks and concrete?

Automated field detection of rock fracturing, microclimate, and diurnal rock temperature and strain fields

Effects of Heating Rate on the Dynamic Tensile Mechanical Properties of Coal Sandstone during Thermal Treatment

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