Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. I. High-temperature X-ray studies

Ackermann, R.J.; Sorrell, Charles A.

doi:10.1107/s0021889874010211

Cited by 105 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Below 560°C the data are in very good agreement with those obtained by X-ray diffraction (Ackermann & Sorrell, 1974). Above 560°C the thermal expansion of the 400 mesh powder was quite similar to that observed for 400 mesh powder by X-ray diffraction but the cessation of expansion was more gradual, though the dilatometric data fall within the range of scatter of the X-ray data.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…As reported in the previous paper (Ackermann & Sorrell, 1974), X-ray diffractometer measurements of the thermal expansion of quartz through the high-low transformation indicated continuous expansion, at an increasing rate to 574°C, with a maximum volume coefficient of 100+20x 10 -5 deg -~, with possibly 1-2 ~ hysteresis. Though numerous dilatometric measurements of the thermal expansion of single crystals of quartz have been made (Rosenholtz & Smith, 1941;Strelkov, Kosourov & Samoilov, 1953;Mayer, 1960;Coenen, 1963;Chevenard & Portevin, 1963), none have been sufficiently detailed to resolve the question of the existence or non-existence of a discontinuity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A single crystal of Brazilian quartz (Sample #1), used previously for high-temperature X-ray studies (Ackermann & Sorrell, 1974), was cut and polished to provide a cylindrical sample, 0.4063 in long (,--1.03 cm), ap-* Work performed in part under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. II. Dilatometric studies

Sorrell¹,

Anderson²,

Ackermann³

1974

J Appl Cryst

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Thermal expansion and contraction of single-crystal quartz, 400 mesh quartz powder, and chert were measured with a highly sensitive dilatometer apparatus. Below 560°C expansion characteristics were identical and in agreement with X-ray diffractometer measurements. Between 571 and 573~C singlecrystal quartz expanded with a volume coefficient of 250 x 10 -s deg-1 and exhibited 2.5 :C hysteresis. Between 571 and 576°C 400 mesh quartz expanded with a volume coefficient of 150x 10 -5 deg -~ and exhibited 1 ~'C hysteresis. Chert expanded more gradually between 560 and 650"C, with a maximum volume coefficient of 31 × 10 -5 deg-~ and exhibited no hysteresis. The results are interpreted in terms of a Dauphin6 twinning mechanism and related to observations from the literature, particularly those relating to light-scattering phenomena and strength measurements.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. II. Dilatometric studies

Sorrell¹,

Anderson²,

Ackermann³

1974

J Appl Cryst

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“…The lattice parameters of these phases showed a strong correlation with the zero shift values, hence, after their reÞ nement at RT, the thermal expansion of calcite (Markgraf and Reeder 1985) and quartz (Ackermann and Sorrell 1974) was imposed on their unit cell and the 2θ-zero shift for each pattern was calibrated in this way.…”

Section: Structural Reþ Nementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dehydration kinetics on T-O-T bridge breaking in zeolites with framework type STI: The case of stellerite

Arletti¹,

Mazzucato²,

Vezzalini³

2006

American Mineralogist

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The thermally induced structural modiÞ cations of the natural zeolite stellerite [Ca 8 Al 16 Si 56 O 144 ·58H 2 O, a = 13.5947(4), b = 18.1823(6), and c = 17.8335(6) Å, V = 4408.1(3) Å 3 , space group Fmmm, framework type STI] were studied in a temperature-resolved X-ray powder diffraction experiment, using synchrotron radiation, in the temperature range RT-976 K. In the initial stage of heating (below 430 K) Stellerite Phase A (space group Fmmm) is stable, and the cell volume decreases only 0.6% to this temperature. Between 430 and 490 K most of the water is released, the symmetry lowers, and a phase transition to the collapsed so-called Phase B (space group Amma) is observed. In this phase rotation of the 4 2 5 4 Secondary Building Units causes cell volume contraction and deformation of the channel system. This new phase, at 530 K, shows the statistical breaking of T-O-T bridges in the four-rings and the migration of tetrahedral atoms to new "face-sharing" tetrahedra, which partially occlude both the channels parallel to [100] and to [001]. This framework deformation is interpreted as due to the strain induced by calcium atoms on the framework to achieve better coordination after the release of water. The new structure is stable up to 750 K and the total volume decrease is about 8%. The dehydration process causes a similar framework deformation and the transition to a collapsed phase characterized by the statistical breaking of T-O-T bridges in all zeolites with STI-type frameworks. However, comparing the results obtained with different thermal kinetics, it is possible to assume that the experimental conditions play a primary role in the mechanisms of dehydration and of framework bridge breaking.

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“…The standard error of the estimate, SE, and the multiple correlation coefficient, R, are also given in all tables of regression data. Ackermann and Sorrell (1974), and White (1981, pers. comm.).…”

Section: Framework Structures Without Cavity Ions: Each Shared Vertexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural behaviour of tetrahedral framework compounds — a review Part II. Framework structures

Taylor¹

1984

Mineral. mag.

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ABSTRACT. Tetrahedral framework compounds, as defined in this paper, generally exist as tilted and distorted versions of ideal fully expanded structures'at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. How pressure, temperature, and composition (P, T, and X) affect the tilting and distortion is critically reviewed. It is shown that although the effects of P, T, and X on the cell parameters are broadly analogous, the underlying structural changes are generally different. An important, and frequently neglected thermal effect is the apparent shortening of the framework bonds by the anisotropic thermal motion of the framework oxygens. Tilting models of framework compounds are critically examined and their failure to match the observed structural behaviour is attributed to changes in tetrahedral distortion. For quartz it appears that during compression the change in tetrahedral distortion is virtually all angular (O-Si-O angles), whereas during thermal expansion the change in distortion is in the Si-O distances. Such behaviour may typify the behaviour of many other framework compounds but the structural data needed to establish this are lacking. The review is illustrated by reference to the quartz and cristobalite analogues; to the sodalite, leucite, nepheline, scapolite, and feldspar families; and to the nitrides and oxynitrides of silicon and germanium. It is concluded that our understanding of the structural behaviour of framework compounds is still superficial and that much theoretical and experimental work remains to be done.

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Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. I. High-temperature X-ray studies

Cited by 105 publications

References 9 publications

Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. II. Dilatometric studies

Thermal expansion and the high–low transformation in quartz. II. Dilatometric studies

Influence of dehydration kinetics on T-O-T bridge breaking in zeolites with framework type STI: The case of stellerite

The structural behaviour of tetrahedral framework compounds — a review Part II. Framework structures

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